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    = Foreword =
    = Foreword =
    </div>
    </div>
     
    Foreword from the printed edition of Codex Oera Linda by [https://www.subscribestar.com/ashalogos Asha Logos]. (Click Expand to open.)
    Foreword from the printed edition of Codex Oera Linda by [https://www.subscribestar.com/ashalogos Asha Logos]. Click Expand below.
     
    <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    In recent years, I have become convinced:
    In recent years, I have become convinced:


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    == Notes ==
    == Notes ==
    <references />
    <references />
    </div>
    </div>


    Line 48: Line 43:
    = Introduction =
    = Introduction =
    </div>
    </div>
     
    This online edition of ''[[Codex Oera Linda]]'' — including an edited transcription in the original lettering system, translation into multiple languages, suggested alternative reading order, scans of all pages and explanatory notes — is intended to be a public resource. (Click Expand to open.)
    Brief introduction to Codex Oera Linda for newcomers.
     
    <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
     
    The manuscript came to light in 1867, when it was first submitted for examination to the ''[https://koninklijkfriesgenootschap.nl/ Frisian Society]'' (''for the Practice of Frisian History, Antiquity and Linguistics'') in Leeuwarden, Friesland, by Cornelis Over de Linden, who claimed to have inherited the manuscript in 1848 from the estate of his grandfather Andries Over de Linden. Following his death in 1874, it was inherited by his son Leendert Over de Linden, who left it to his brother's grandson, Cornelis Over de Linden IV. The latter donated it in 1938 to the Frisian Provincial Library, now ''[https://www.tresoar.nl/ Tresoar]'' in Leeuwarden.
    ''[[Codex Oera Linda]]'' is the [[Oera Linda Foundation]]'s published translation of the Oera Linda book. This online edition — including its new transcription in the original letters, translation into multiple languages directly from source, suggested alternative reading order, high-quality scans of all pages and index of people and places — is intended to be a public resource for modern readers. It replaces the only previous English translation by William Sandbach from 1876 — itself a translation of the first Dutch translation by [[Jan G. Ottema|Dr. Jan Ottema]] from 1872 — and provides translations into other languages as well.
     
    The Oera Linda book begins with a letter of instruction written in the year 1255 by the last known copyist of the writings, Hidde Oera Linda, advising his son Okke to make a copy in turn, “... so that they shall never be lost.”
     
    The manuscript came to light in 1867, when it was first submitted for examination to the ''Frisian Society for the Practice of Frisian History, Antiquity and Linguistics'' in Leeuwarden, Friesland, by Cornelis Over de Linden, who claimed to have inherited the manuscript in 1848 from the estate of his grandfather Andries Over de Linden. Following his death in 1874, it was inherited by his son Leendert Over de Linden, who left it to his brother's grandson, Cornelis Over de Linden IV. The latter donated it in 1938 to the Frisian Provincial Library, now Tresoar in Leeuwarden.


    The pages bear no watermarks, but waterlines are visible that appear similar to the characteristic lines of 12th century Spanish-Arabic paper. The page size is 291 mm x 210 mm, or 11.46 x 8.27 inches, except for the letters of instruction. The whole book likely consisted of bound quires (bundles of 24-26 bound pages), as indicated by the sewing holes and Over de Linden's statement that he had taken it apart.<ref>As cited from one of his diaries by Jensma (2004) ''De Gemaskerde God'', p. 305</ref> Twenty pages of the manuscript are missing between p. 168-189, two between p. 192-195 and an unknown number after p. 210, leaving a total of 190 pages.
    The pages bear no watermarks, but waterlines are visible that appear similar to the characteristic lines of 12th century Spanish-Arabic paper. The page size is 291 mm x 210 mm, or 11.46 x 8.27 inches, except for the letters of instruction. The whole book likely consisted of bound quires (bundles of 24-26 bound pages), as indicated by the sewing holes and Over de Linden's statement that he had taken it apart.<ref>As cited from one of his diaries by Jensma (2004) ''De Gemaskerde God'', p. 305</ref> Twenty pages of the manuscript are missing between p. 168-189, two between p. 192-195 and an unknown number after p. 210, leaving a total of 190 pages.


    A word on translation: a literal translation is not always the best reflection of the intended meaning. Some expressions make no sense in another language, while some words, although they have recognisable modern cognates, have a different meaning in the original. For example, on page [[00a|&#x005B;00a&#x005D;]], <span class="fryas">BOKA</span> (BOKA) is obviously related to ''books'' — but modern books are usually printed, so ''writings'' or ''scriptures'' may better convey what was meant. There is scope for ambiguity in places; <span class="fryas">LIF</span> (LIF) could be either ''body'' (Dutch: ''lijf'', German: ''Leib'') or ''life''. The latter translation was chosen after a review of other uses in context. <span class="fryas">KÉREN</span> (KÉREN, [[En 07a Before Bad Times|ch. 7a]], [[047|&#x005B;047/10&#x005D;]]) means ''chosen/favoured'', but is also related to English ''corn'' (maize) and Dutch ''koren'' (grain: wheat, rye or barley). Since <span class="fryas">FOLK</span> (FOLK) is a key term in the work, it was generally left unchanged, although in some cases ''people'' is used. Proper names were translated or left unchanged, sometimes in a more familiar spelling.
    A word on translation: a literal translation is not always the best reflection of the intended meaning. Some expressions make no sense in another language, while some words, although they have recognisable modern cognates, have a different meaning in the original. For example, at '''[[00a|1.02]]''', <span class="fryas">BOKA</span> (''boka'') is obviously related to ''books'' — but modern books are usually printed, so ''writings'' or ''scriptures'' may better convey what was meant. There is scope for ambiguity in places; <span class="fryas">LIF</span> (''lif'') could be either ''body'' (Dutch: ''lijf'', German: ''Leib'') or ''life''. The latter translation was chosen after a review of other uses in context. <span class="fryas">KÉREN</span> (''kéren'', '''[[EN047.06 Before|47.10]]''') means ''chosen/favoured'', but is also related to English ''corn'' (maize) and Dutch ''koren'' (grain: wheat, rye or barley). Since <span class="fryas">FOLK</span> (''folk'') is a key term in the work, it was generally left unchanged, although in some cases ''people'' is used. Proper names were translated or left unchanged, sometimes in a more familiar spelling.


    In 1938, the Oera Linda manuscript was donated to the Frisian Provincial Library by then owner Cornelis Over de Linden IV, who trusted that his donation would finally lead to proper study of the document and its contents. Until today, this has never happened.<ref>The 2004 dissertation by Jensma theorizes about possible 19th century creators and their motives, but started from the assumption that it had to be a forgery.</ref>
    In 1938, the Oera Linda manuscript was donated to the Frisian Provincial Library by then owner Cornelis Over de Linden IV, who trusted that his donation would finally lead to proper study of the document and its contents. Until today, this has never happened.<ref>The 2004 dissertation by Jensma theorizes about possible 19th century creators and their motives, but started from the assumption that it had to be a forgery.</ref>
    Line 82: Line 70:
    == Letters of instruction ==
    == Letters of instruction ==


    === Chapters A and B ===
    '''A.''' <u>[[00a|a.01]]</u> | '''[[EN00a.01 Hidde|Hidde Oera Linda]]'''
    * [[En 00a Hidde|a Hidde]]
    * [[En 00b Liko|b Liko]]


    == Part I — Book of the Adela followers ==
    '''B.''' <u>[[00b|b.01]]</u> | '''[[EN00b.01 Liko|Liko Ovira-Linda]]'''
     
    == Part I — Book of the Adela-Followers ==


    <div class="column_lists">
    <div class="column_lists">
    <div class="group">
    <div class="group">
    === Chapter 1 Introduction ===
    '''C. Introduction'''
    * [[En 01a Council in Disarray|1a Assembly in Disarray]]
    : <u>[[001|1.01]]</u> | [[EN001.01 Assembly|Assembly in Disarray]]
    * [[En 01b Adela%E2%80%99s Advice|1b Adela’s Advice]]
    : <u>[[001|1.16]]</u> | [[EN001.16 Adela|Adela’s Advice]]
    * [[En 01c Names of the Reeves|1c Names of the Reeves]]
    : <u>[[005|5.08]]</u> | [[EN005.08 Names|Names of the Reeves]]
    </div><div class="group">
    </div><div class="group">
    === Chapter 2 On Three Burgs ===
    '''D. At Three Burgs'''
    * [[En 02a Take up your Stylus|2a Take up your Stylus]]
    : 1. <u>[[005|5.30]]</u> | [[EN005.30 Stylus|Take up Your Stylus]]
    * [[En 02b Primal History|2b Primal History]]
    : 2. <u>[[006|6.12]]</u> | [[EN006.12 Creation|Our Primal History]]
    * [[En 02c Lyda|2c Lyda]]
    : 3. Primordial Mothers
    * [[En 02d Finda|2d Finda]]
    :: <u>[[007|7.01]]</u> | [[EN007.01 Lyda|Lyda]]
    * [[En 02e Frya|2e Frya]]
    :: <u>[[007|7.30]]</u> | [[EN007.30 Finda|Finda]]
    * [[En 02f Tex|2f Tex]]
    :: <u>[[009|9.18]]</u> | [[EN009.18 Frya|Frya]]
    * [[En 02g Festa|2g Festa]]
    : 4. <u>[[011|11.13]]</u> | [[EN011.13 Tex|Frya’s Tex]]
    : 5. <u>[[014|14.09]]</u> | [[EN014.09 Festa|Festa’s Guidance]]
    </div><div class="group">
    </div><div class="group">
    === Chapter 3 Laws and Rights ===
    '''E. Laws'''
    * [[En 03a Burg Laws|3a Burg Laws]]
    : <u>[[015|15.01]]</u> | [[EN015.01 Burg|Burg Laws]]
    * [[En 03b General Laws|3b General Laws]]
    : <u>[[019|19.08]]</u> | [[EN019.08 Common|Common Laws]]
    * [[En 03c Defense Laws|3c Defense Laws]]
    : <u>[[021|21.15]]</u> | [[EN021.15 Defense|Defense Laws]]
    * [[En 03d At War|3d At War]]
    : <u>[[023|23.07]]</u> | [[EN023.07 War|At War]]
    * [[En 03e Security|3e Security]]
    : <u>[[025|25.04]]</u> | [[EN025.04 Security|Security]]
    </div><div clas-=group">
    </div><div class=group">
    === Chapter 4 Minno's Writings ===
    '''F. Minno's Writings'''
    * [[En 04a Preventing War|4a Preventing War]]
    : 1. Laws and Directives
    * [[En 04b Laws for Seafarers|4b Laws for Seafarers]]
    :: <u>[[026|26.21]]</u> | [[EN026.21 Peace|Preventing War]]
    * [[En 04c Useful Precedents|4c Useful Precedents]]
    :: <u>[[027|27.12]]</u> | [[EN027.12 Seafarers|Laws for the Seafarers]]
    * [[En 04d About Laws|4d Concerning Laws]]
    :: <u>[[029|29.12]]</u> | [[EN029.12 Precedents|Useful Precedents]]
    * [[En 04e Eawa|4e Eawa]]
    :: <u>[[031|31.04]]</u> | [[EN031.04 Laws|Concerning Laws]]
    * [[En 04f Minerva|4f Minerva]]
    :: <u>[[032|32.01]]</u> | [[EN032.01 Eawa|Eawa]]
    * [[En 04g Crete|4g Crete]]
    : 2. <u>[[033|33.22]]</u> | [[EN033.22 Minerva|Minerva]]
    : 3. <u>[[039|39.05]]</u> | [[EN039.05 Crete|Crete]]
    </div><div class="group">
    </div><div class="group">
    === Chapter 5 Justice ===
    '''G. Justice'''
    * [[En 05a Three Principles|5a Three Principles]]
    : <u>[[040|40.11]]</u> | [[EN040.11 Principles|Three Principles]]
    * [[En 05b Regulations and Penalties|5b Regulations and Penalties]]
    : <u>[[040|40.26]]</u> | [[EN040.26 Regulations|Regulations and Penalties]]
    * [[En 05c Wrathful People|5c Wrathful People]]
    : <u>[[042|42.10]]</u> | [[EN042.10 Wrathful|Wrathful People]]
    * [[En 05d Evildoers|5d Evildoers]]
    : <u>[[043|43.01]]</u> | [[EN043.01 Evildoers|Evildoers]]
    * [[En 05e Three Thieves|5e Three Thieves]]
    : <u>[[044|44.07]]</u> | [[EN044.07 Thieves|Three Thieves]]
    </div>
    '''H.''' <u>[[045|45.01]]</u> | '''[[EN045.01 Yule|Yule and Script]]'''
    <div class="group">
    '''J. At All Burgs 1'''
    : <u>[[047|47.06]]</u> | [[EN047.06 Before|Before the Bad Times]]
    : <u>[[049|49.11]]</u> | [[EN049.11 Aldland|How Aldland Sank]]
    </div><div class="group">
    </div><div class="group">
    === Chapter 6 The Yule ===
    '''K. Era of Tunis'''
    * [[En 06 Yule, Script, Numbers|6 Yule, Script, Numbers]]
    : 1. <u>[[050|50.19]]</u> | [[EN050.19 Magyars|Waraburg: Magyars]]
    : 2. <u>[[053|53.12]]</u> | [[EN053.12 Wodin|All Burgs 2: Wodin]]
    : 3. At Waraburg and Stavia
    :: <u>[[056|56.21]]</u> | [[EN056.21 Tunis|Tunis and Inka]]
    :: <u>[[058|58.01]]</u> | [[EN058.01 Tyrians|Tunis and the Tyrians]]
    :: <u>[[060|60.12]]</u> | [[EN060.12 Gola|The Gola]]
    </div><div class="group">
    </div><div class="group">
    === Chapter 7 On all Burgs 1 ===
    '''L. Era of Minerva'''
    * [[En 07a Before Bad Times|7a Before Bad Times]]
    : 1. At Walhallagara
    * [[En 07b How Aldland Sank|7b How Aldland Sank]]
    :: <u>[[061|61.28]]</u> | [[EN061.28 Burgmaids|Kelta and Minerva]]
    :: <u>[[065|65.15]]</u> | [[EN065.15 Jon|Jon’s Fleet]]
    :: <u>[[067|67.09]]</u> | [[EN067.09 Kelta|Kelta and the Gola]]
    : 2. At Fryasburg 1
    :: <u>[[068|68.17]]</u> | [[EN068.17 Mediterranean|Jon and Minerva]]
    :: <u>[[072|72.05]]</u> | [[EN072.05 Geartmen|The Geartmen]]
    </div><div class="group">
    </div><div class="group">
    === Chapter 8 On the Treasureburg ===
    '''M. At Fryasburg 2'''
    * [[En 08a Magyars and Finns|8a Magyars and Finns]]
    : <u>[[075|75.08]]</u> | [[EN075.08 Ulysus|Ulysus’ Quest]]
    * [[En 08b Wodin and the Magy|8b Wodin and the Magy]]
    : <u>[[076|76.13]]</u> | [[EN076.13 Athenia|Athenia in Decline]]
    * [[En 08c Tunis and Inka|8c Tunis and Inka]]
    * [[En 08d Tunis and the Tyrians|8d Tunis and the Tyrians]]
    * [[En 08e The Gola|8e The Gola]]
    </div><div class="group">
    </div><div class="group">
    === Chapter 9 Conflict and Migration ===
    '''N. At all Burgs 3'''
    * [[En 09a Kelta and Minerva|9a Kelta and Minerva]]
    : 1. <u>[[079|79.11]]</u> | [[EN079.11 Denmarks|The Denmarks]]
    * [[En 09b Jon's Revenge|9b Jon's Revenge]]
    : 2. Frana and the Magy
    * [[En 09c Kelta and the Gola|9c Kelta and the Gola]]
    :: <u>[[082|82.01]]</u> | [[EN082.01 Frana|Frana's Prophecy]]
    * [[En 09d Jon and Minerva|9d Jon and Minerva]]
    :: <u>[[085|85.12]]</u> | [[EN085.12 Medeasblik|Battle of Medeasblik]]
    * [[En 09e The Geartmen|9e The Geartmen]]
    </div><div class="group">
    </div><div class="group">
    === Chapter 10 On Fryasburg ===
    '''O.''' <u>[[087|87.13]]</u> | '''[[EN087.13 Afterword|Afterword]]'''
    * [[En 10a Ulysus|10a Ulysus]]
    * [[En 10b Athenia|10b Athenia]]
    </div><div class="group">
    === Chapter 11 On all Burgs 2 ===
    * [[En 11a The Denmarks|11a The Denmarks]]
    * [[En 11b Frana|11b Frana's Prophecy]]
    * [[En 11c The Magy|11c The Magy]]
    </div>
    </div>
    </div>
    </div>


    == Part II — Added by the Oera Lindas ==
    == Part II — Added by Oera Lindas ==


    <div class="column_lists">
    <div class="column_lists">
    <div class="group">
    <div class="group">
    === Chapter 12 Adelbrost ===
    '''P.''' <u>[[087|87.19]]</u> | '''[[EN087.19 Adelbrost|Adelbrost]]'''
    * [[En 12 Intrigues and Division|12 Intrigues and Division]]
    </div><div class="group">
    </div><div class="group">
    === Chapter 13 Apollania ===
    '''R. Apollania'''
    * [[En 13a Adel-Bond|13a Adel-Bond]]
    :1. <u>[[090|90.01]]</u> | [[EN090.01 Adelbond|Adel-Bond Alliance]]
    * [[En 13b Treason|13b Treason]]
    :2. Bruno’s Writings
    * [[En 13c Death of Adela|13c Death of Adela]]
    ::<u>[[091|91.11]]</u> | [[EN091.11 Treason|A Treacherous Maid]]
    * [[En 13d Ode to Adela|13d Ode to Adela]]
    ::<u>[[093|93.18]]</u> | [[EN093.18 Arrow|Death of Adela]]
    * [[En 13e Teachings 1|13e Teachings 1]]
    :3. <u>[[095|95.20]]</u> | [[EN095.20 Ode|Ode to Adela]]
    * [[En 13f Teachings 2|13f Teachings 2]]
    :4. On the Burg Tower
    * [[En 13g Tale and Answers|13g Tale and Answers]]
    ::<u>[[097|97.28]]</u> | [[EN097.28 Teachings1|Teachings 1]]
    * [[En 13h The Burg Liudgarda|13h The Burg Liudgarda]]
    ::<u>[[100|100.01]]</u> | [[EN100.01 Teachings2|Teachings 2]]
    * [[En 13i Along the Rhine|13i Along the Rhine]]
    :5. <u>[[103|103.26]]</u> | [[EN103.26 Tale|The Unsociable Man]]
    :6. Apollania’s Notes
    ::<u>[[106|106.10]]</u> | [[EN106.10 Liudgarda|The Burg Liudgarda]]
    ::<u>[[108|108.28]]</u> | [[EN108.28 Rhine|Along the Rhine]]
    </div><div class="group">
    </div><div class="group">
    === Chapter 14 Frethorik ===
    '''S. Frethorik'''
    * [[En 14a Fryasland Swamped|14a Fryasland Swamped]]
    :1. Second Bad Time
    * [[En 14b The Black Men|14b The Black Men]]
    ::<u>[[113|113.23]]</u> | [[EN113.23 Grievances|Grievances]]
    * [[En 14c A Fleet Arrives|14c A Fleet Arrives]]
    ::<u>[[115|115.10]]</u> | [[EN115.10 Swamped|Fryasland Swamped]]
    * [[En 14d Alexander|14d Alexander]]
    ::<u>[[117|117.20]]</u> | [[EN117.20 Blacks|The Black Men]]
    * [[En 14e Demetrius and Friso|14e Demetrius and Friso]]
    :2. <u>[[118|118.32]]</u> | [[EN118.32 Fleet|A Fleet Arrives]]
    * [[En 14f Northland|14f Northland]]
    :3. Liudgeart’s Diary
    * [[En 14g The Brokmen|14g The Brokmen]]
    ::<u>[[120|120.10]]</u> | [[EN120.10 Alexander|Alexander the King]]
    ::<u>[[125|125.05]]</u> | [[EN125.05 Demetrius|Demetrius and Friso]]
    ::<u>[[127|127.28]]</u> | [[EN127.28 Seabattle|Friso Takes Command]]
    :4. <u>[[130|130.21]]</u> | [[EN130.21 Northland|Northland]]
    :5. <u>[[131|131.26]]</u> | [[EN131.26 Brokmen|Faults of the Brokmen]]
    </div><div class="group">
    </div><div class="group">
    === Chapter 15 Wilyo ===
    '''T. Wilyo''' 
    * [[En 15a From the Saxonmarks|15a From the Saxonmarks]]
    :1. <u>[[133|133.17]]</u> | '''[[EN133.17 Wilyo|Introduction Wilyo]]'''
    * [[En 15b Princes and Priests|15b Princes and Priests]]
    :2. Hellenia’s Writings
    * [[En 15c Yesus or Buda|15c Yesus or Buda]]
    ::<u>[[134|134.22]]</u> | [[EN134.22 Disobedience|Clanking Chains]]
    * [[En 15d Frana's Will|15d Frana's Will]]
    ::<u>[[136|136.08]]</u> | [[EN136.08 Yesus|Yesus of Kashmir]]
    * [[En 15e Gosa's Prophecy|15e Gosa's Prophecy]]
    ::<u>[[138|138.24]]</u> | [[EN138.24 Priests|Bald Priests in Rags]]
    :3. <u>[[141|141.26]]</u> | [[EN141.26 Successor|Frana's Will]]
    :4. <u>[[142|142.01]]</u> | [[EN142.01 Prophecy|Gosa's Prophecy]]
    </div><div class="group">
    </div><div class="group">
    === Chapter 16 Koneread ===
    '''U. Koneread'''
    * [[En 16a Canals and Dykes|16a Canals and Dykes]]
    :1. <u>[[143|143.01]]</u> | [[EN143.01 Canals|Canals and Dykes]]
    * [[En 16b Alliances|16b Alliances]]
    :2. About Friso
    * [[En 16c Praise and Suspicion|16c Praise and Suspicion]]
    ::<u>[[144|144.17]]</u> | [[EN144.17 Motherless|Motherless]]
    * [[En 16d Adel and Ifkia|16d Adel and Ifkia]]
    ::<u>[[145|145.25]]</u> | [[EN145.25 Danes|Danish Alliance]]
    * [[En 16e Purity of Language|16e Purity of Language]]
    ::<u>[[150|150.19]]</u> | [[EN150.19 Saxons|Saxon Alliance]]
    * [[En 16f Schools and Friendship|16f Schools and Friendship]]
    ::<u>[[151|151.31]]</u> | [[EN151.31 Sons|The Dad’s Sons]]
    * [[En 16g Panj-ab Report|16g Panj-ab Report]]
    :3. Striving for Reunion
    </div><div class="group">
    ::<u>[[154|154.17]]</u> | [[EN154.17 Adel|Adel and Ifkia]]
    === Chapter 17 Beden ===
    ::<u>[[157|157.32]]</u> | [[EN157.32 Gosa|Gosa: Purity of Language]]
    * [[En 17 Koneread's Successor|17 Koneread's Successor]]
    ::<u>[[162|162.19]]</u> | [[EN162.19 Schools|Schools and Friendship]]
    </div><div class="group">
    :4. <u>[[163|163.10]]</u> | [[EN163.10 Panjab|Liudgeart: Panj-ab]]
    === Chapter 18 Rika ===
    </div>
    * [[En 18 Title Theft|18 Title Theft]]
    '''W.''' <u>[[168|168.20]]</u> | '''[[EN168.20 Beden|Beden: First Lines]]'''
    </div><div class="group">
     
    === Chapter 19 King Askar ===
    (20 pages missing)
    * [[En 19a War Games|19a War Games]]
     
    * [[En 19b Streams of Blood|19b Streams of Blood]]
    '''Y.''' <u>[[189|189.01]]</u> | '''[[EN189.01 Titles|Rika: Title Theft]]'''
    * [[En 19c Reintia's Dream|19c Reintia's Dream]]
     
    * [[En 19d Idolatry and Superstition|19d Idolatry and Superstition]]
    (2 pages missing)
    * [[En 19e Punishment|19e Punishment]]
    <div class="group">
    * [[En 19f Enmity and Strife|19f Askar's Failure]]
    '''Z. Era of Askar'''
    :<u>[[195|195.01]]</u> | [[EN195.01 Preparation|War Games]]
    :<u>[[198|198.19]]</u> | [[EN198.19 Blood|Streams of Blood]]
    :<u>[[202|202.06]]</u> | [[EN202.06 Reintia|Reintia’s Dream]]
    :<u>[[205|205.01]]</u> | [[EN205.01 Idolatry|Idolatry and Superstition]]
    :<u>[[207|207.14]]</u> | [[EN207.14 Punishment|How Punishment Came]]
    :<u>[[208|208.17]]</u> | [[EN208.17 Temple|Askar's Failure]]
    </div>
    </div>
    (unknown number of pages missing)
    </div>
    </div>


    <div style="text-align: center;">
    <div style="text-align: center;">
    = Alternative reading order =
     
    =Alternative reading order=
    </div>
    </div>


    Suggested chronological reading order.
    Suggested chronological reading order.


    For Ott's other alternative reading order, go here: [[Video Reading Order|Video reading order]]
    For a more recently created alternative reading experience, see [[Video Reading Order]].


    <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
    <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">


    == Historical narratives ==
    ==Historical narratives==


    <div class="column_lists">
    <div class="column_lists">
    <div class="group">
    <div class="group">
    === 2200 to 2100 BC ===
    ===2200 to 2100 BC===
    *[[En 07a Before Bad Times|7a Before Bad Times]]
    *[[EN047.06 Before|Before the Bad Times]]
    *[[En 07b How Aldland Sank|7b How Aldland Sank]]
    *[[EN049.11 Aldland|How Aldland Sank]]
    *[[En 08a Magyars and Finns|8a Magyars and Finns]]
    *[[EN050.19 Magyars|Magyars and Finns]]
    *[[En 08b Wodin and the Magy|8b Wodin and the Magy]]
    *[[EN053.12 Wodin|Wodin and the Magy]]
    *[[En 08c Tunis and Inka|8c Tunis and Inka]]
    *[[EN056.21 Tunis|Tunis and Inka]]
    *[[En 08d Tunis and the Tyrians|8d Tunis and the Tyrians]]
    *[[EN058.01 Tyrians|Tunis and the Tyrians]]
    *[[En 08e The Gools|8e The Gola]]
    *[[EN060.12 Gola|The Gola]]
    </div><div class="group">
    </div><div class="group">
    === 1650 to 1550 BC ===
    ===1650 to 1550 BC===
    *[[En 09a Kelta and Minerva|9a Kelta and Minerva]]
    *[[EN061.28 Burgmaids|Kelta and Minerva]]
    *[[En 09b Jon's Revenge|9b Jon’s Revenge]]
    *[[EN065.15 Jon|Jon’s Fleet]]
    *[[En 09c Kelta and the Gools|9c Kelta and the Gola]]
    *[[EN067.09 Kelta|Kelta and the Gola]]
    *[[En 09d Jon and Minerva|9d Jon and Minerva]]
    *[[EN068.17 Mediterranean|Minerva and Jon]]
    *[[En 04f Minerva|4f Minerva]]
    *[[EN033.22 Minerva|Minerva]]
    *[[En 04g Crete|4g Crete]]
    *[[EN039.05 Crete|Crete]]
    *[[En 09e The Geartmen|9e The Geartmen]]
    *[[EN072.05 Geartmen|The Geartmen]]
    </div><div class="group">
    </div><div class="group">
    === 1200 BC ===
    ===1200 BC===
    *[[En 10a Ulysus|10a Ulysus]]
    *[[EN075.08 Ulysus|Ulysus’ Quest]]
    *[[En 10b Athenia|10b Athenia]]
    *[[EN076.13 Athenia|Athenia in Decline]]
    </div><div class="group">
    </div><div class="group">
    === 600 to 500 BC ===
    ===600 to 500 BC===
    *[[En 15b Princes and Priests|15b Princes and Priests]]
    *[[EN134.22 Disobedience|Clanking Chains]]
    *[[En 15c Yesus or Buda|15c Yesus or Buda]]
    *[[EN136.08 Yesus|Yesus of Kashmir]]
    *[[En 11a The Denmarks|11a The Denmarks]]
    *[[EN138.24 Priests|Bald Priests in Rags]]
    *[[En 11b Frana|11b Frana's Prophecy]]
    *[[EN079.11 Denmarks|Denmarks Lost]]
    *[[En 11c The Magy|11c The Magy]]
    *[[EN082.01 Frana|Frana’s Prophecy]]
    *[[En 15d Frana's Will|15d Frana’s Will]]
    *[[EN085.12 Medeasblik|Battle of Medeasblik]]
    *[[En 12 Intrigues and Division|12 Intrigues and Division]]
    *[[EN087.13 Afterword|Afterword]]
    *[[En 01a Council in Disarray|1a Assembly in Disarray]]
    *[[EN141.26 Successor|Frana’s Will]]
    *[[En 01b Adela’s Advice|1b Adela's Advice]]
    *[[EN087.19 Adelbrost|Intrigues and Division]]
    *[[En 01c Names of the Reeves|1c Names of the Reeves]]
    *[[EN001.01 Assembly|Assembly in Disarray]]
    *[[En 13b Treason|13b Treason]]
    *[[EN001.16 Adela|Adela’s Advice]]
    *[[En 13c Death of Adela|13c Death of Adela]]
    *[[EN005.08 Names|Names of the Reeves]]
    *[[En 13d Ode to Adela|13d Ode to Adela]]
    *[[EN091.11 Treason|A Treacherous Maid]]
    *[[En 13a Adel-Bond|13a Adel-Bond]]
    *[[EN093.18 Arrow|Death of Adela]]
    *[[En 13h The Burg Liudgarda|13h The Burg Liudgarda]]
    *[[EN095.20 Ode|Ode to Adela]]
    *[[En 13i Along the Rhine|13i Along the Rhine]]
    *[[EN090.01 Adelbond|Adel-Bond Alliance]]
    *[[EN106.10 Liudgarda|The Burg Liudgarda]]
    *[[EN108.28 Rhine|Along the Rhine]]
    </div><div class="group">
    </div><div class="group">
    === 350 to 50 BC ===
    ===350 to 50 BC===
    *[[En 14a Fryasland Swamped|14a Fryasland Swamped]]
    *[[EN113.23 Grievances|Grievances]]
    *[[En 14b The Black Men|14b The Black Men]]
    *[[EN115.10 Swamped|Fryasland Swamped]]
    *[[En 14f Northland|14f Northland]]
    *[[EN117.20 Blacks|The Black Men]]
    *[[En 16g Panj-ab Report|16g Panj-ab Report]]
    *[[EN130.21 Northland|Northland]]
    *[[En 14d Alexander|14d Alexander]]
    *[[EN163.10 Panjab|Panj-ab Report]]
    *[[En 14e Demetrius and Friso|14e Demetrius and Friso]]
    *[[EN120.10 Alexander|Alexander the King]]
    *[[En 14c A Fleet Arrives|14c A Fleet Arrives]]
    *[[EN125.05 Demetrius|Demetrius and Friso]]
    *[[En 14g The Brokmen|14g The Brokmen]]
    *[[EN127.28 Seabattle|Friso Takes Command]]
    *[[En 15a From the Saxonmarks|15a From the Saxonmarks]]
    *[[EN118.32 Fleet|A Fleet Arrives]]
    *[[En 16a Canals and Dykes|16a Canals and Dykes]]
    *[[EN131.26 Brokmen|Faults of the Brokmen]]
    *[[En 16b Alliances|16b Alliances]]
    *[[EN133.17 Wilyo|Introduction Wilyo]]
    *[[En 16c Praise and Suspicion|16c Praise and Suspicion]]
    *[[EN143.01 Canals|Canals and Dykes]]
    *[[En 16d Adel and Ifkia|16d Adel and Ifkia]]
    *[[EN144.17 Motherless|Motherless]]
    *[[En 16e Purity of Language|16e Purity of Language]]
    *[[EN145.25 Danes|Danish Alliance]]
    *[[En 16f Schools and Friendship|16f Schools and Friendship]]
    *[[EN150.19 Saxons|Saxon Alliance]]
    *[[En 15e Gosa's Prophecy|15e Gosa's Prophecy]]
    *[[EN151.31 Sons|The Dad’s Sons]]
    *[[En 17 Koneread's Successor|17 Koneread's Successor]]
    *[[EN154.17 Adel|Adel and Ifkia]]
    *[[En 18 Title Theft|18 Title Theft]]
    *[[EN157.32 Gosa|Purity of Language]]
    *[[En 19a War Games|19a War Games]]
    *[[EN162.19 Schools|Schools and Friendship]]
    *[[En 19b Streams of Blood|19b Streams of Blood]]
    *[[EN142.01 Prophecy|Gosa’s Prophecy]]
    *[[En 19c Reintia's Dream|19c Reintia’s Dream]]
    *[[EN168.20 Beden|Beden: First Lines]]
    *[[En 19d Idolatry and Superstition|19d Idolatry and Superstition]]
    *[[EN189.01 Titles|Title Theft]]
    *[[En 19e Punishment|19e Punishment]]
    *[[EN195.01 Preparation|War Games]]
    *[[En 19f Enmity and Strife|19f Askar's Failure]]
    *[[EN198.19 Blood|Streams of Blood]]
    *[[EN202.06 Reintia|Reintia’s Dream]]
    *[[EN205.01 Idolatry|Idolatry and Superstition]]
    *[[EN207.14 Punishment|How Punishment Came]]
    *[[EN208.17 Temple|Askar’s Failure]]
    </div>
    </div>
    </div>
    </div>


    == Other ==
    ==Other==


    <div class="column_lists">
    <div class="column_lists">
    <div class="group">
    <div class="group">
    === Myths and teachings ===
    ===Myths and teachings===
    *[[En 02a Take up your Stylus|2a Take up your Stylus]]
    *[[EN005.30 Stylus|Take up Your Stylus]]
    *[[En 02b Primal History|2b Primal History]]
    *[[EN006.12 Creation|Primal History]]
    *[[En 02c Lyda|2c Lyda]]
    *[[EN007.01 Lyda|Lyda]]
    *[[En 02d Finda|2d Finda]]
    *[[EN007.30 Finda|Finda]]
    *[[En 02e Frya|2e Frya]]
    *[[EN009.18 Frya|Frya]]
    *[[En 06 Yule, Script, Numbers|6 Yule, Script, Numbers]]
    *[[EN045.01 Yule|Yule and Script]]
    *[[En 13e Teachings 1|13e Teachings 1]]
    *[[EN097.28 Teachings1|Teachings 1]]
    *[[En 13f Teachings 2|13f Teachings 2]]
    *[[EN100.01 Teachings2|Teachings 2]]
    *[[En 13g Tale and Answers|13g Tale and Answers]]
    *[[EN103.26 Tale|The Unsociable Man]]
    </div><div class="group">
    </div><div class="group">
    === Laws, rules and justice ===
    ===Laws, rules and justice===
    *[[En 02f Tex|2f Tex]]
    *[[EN011.13 Tex|Frya’s Tex]]
    *[[En 02g Festa|2g Festa]]
    *[[EN014.09 Festa|Festa’s Guidance]]
    *[[En 03a Burg Laws|3a Burg Laws]]
    *[[EN015.01 Burg|Burg Laws]]
    *[[En 03b General Laws|3b General Laws]]
    *[[EN019.08 Common|Common Laws]]
    *[[En 03c Defense Laws|3c Defense Laws]]
    *[[EN021.15 Defense|Defense Laws]]
    *[[En 03d At War|3d At War]]
    *[[EN023.07 War|At War]]
    *[[En 03e Security|3e Security]]
    *[[EN025.04 Security|Security]]
    *[[En 04a Preventing War|4a Preventing War]]
    *[[EN026.21 Peace|Preventing War]]
    *[[En 04b Laws for Seafarers|4b Laws for Seafarers]]
    *[[EN027.12 Seafarers|Laws for the Seafarers]]
    *[[En 04c Useful Precedents|4c Useful Precedents]]
    *[[EN029.12 Precedents|Useful Precedents]]
    *[[En 04d About Laws|4d Concerning Laws]]
    *[[EN031.04 Laws|Concerning Laws]]
    *[[En 04e Eawa|4e Eawa]]
    *[[EN032.01 Eawa|Eawa]]
    *[[En 05a Three Principles|5a Three Principles]]
    *[[EN040.11 Principles|Three Principles]]
    *[[En 05b Regulations and Penalties|5b Regulations and Penalties]]
    *[[EN040.26 Regulations|Regulations and Penalties]]
    *[[En 05c Wrathful People|5c Wrathful People]]
    *[[EN042.10 Wrathful|Wrathful People]]
    *[[En 05d Evildoers|5d Evildoers]]
    *[[EN043.01 Evildoers|Evildoers]]
    *[[En 05e Three Thieves|5e Three Thieves]]
    *[[EN044.07 Thieves|Three Thieves]]
    </div><div class="group">
    </div><div class="group">
    === Letters of instruction ===
    ===Letters of instruction===
    *[[En 00a Hidde|a Hidde]]
    *[[EN00a.01 Hidde|Hidde Oera Linda]]
    *[[En 00b Liko|b Liko]]
    *[[EN00b.01 Liko|Liko Ovira Linda]]
    [[Category:Oera Linda]]
    [[Category:Oera Linda]]
    </div>
    </div>

    Latest revision as of 00:14, 14 October 2024

    Foreword

    Foreword from the printed edition of Codex Oera Linda by Asha Logos. (Click Expand to open.)

    In recent years, I have become convinced:

    The work you hold in your hands is a unique treasure.

    I hope this might eventually be recognized even among those who see reason to doubt the manuscript's origin story or historical authenticity.

    From the first time I read Codex Oera Linda, I have been unable to put it out of my mind or perform the usual order of operations: “note the useful information, set it aside, move on.” I find myself continually drawn, continually revisiting — always considering this time well spent and walking away with something new and valuable each time.

    In my own journey, after many years of reading and rereading those rare and priceless earliest historical accounts from men like Herodotus, Thucydides and Siculus, to Jordanes and the works of Homer and the Greek legends, the signs were everywhere:

    I could not help but intuitively sense a broader cohesive picture existing seemingly just out of direct view... a grand historical narrative, a unifying storyline capable of explaining the strong connections between supposedly disconnected peoples, and one that sees the forest for the trees from a perspective capable of providing much more clarity across the sweep of time and space.

    Evidence of a sprawling seagoing “empire” or confederacy of peoples — connecting much of the known world, engaging in robust oceanic trade and helping to spread several aspects of “civilization” as we know it today — is legion and, in my view, extremely convincing. And yet, the people at the center of this empire or confederacy have been little more than a gigantic looming question mark.

    A people that, though they certainly were not exclusively Trojan or Greek or Roman, Indian or Scythian or Iranian, seemed to have such an outsized impact on each of these. And yet, their story always seems to be told from the outside looking in, never in their own words written by their own hands — setting the stage for what may be one of history's greatest unsolved mysteries. I am not ready to state that this work is the definitive answer to this mystery, but there is no doubt of its potential as a compelling piece of evidence, worthy of very real and serious consideration. It is my hope that Ott's excellent translation[1] — greatly superior to previous efforts, from all I am able to discern — might help kickstart such earnest consideration.

    Although it so effectively fills in gaps and provides answers to some of the biggest outstanding questions with regard to the historical picture, its significance goes well beyond the purely historical. The manner in which Codex Oera Linda speaks to the nature and development of language, for example, speaks to deeper truths that transcend mere labels of fiction or nonfiction. And this is just one example of many such “essence” truths, of a simple and powerful sort, elegantly touched upon in the work, so many of which have been misplaced, forgotten or consciously set aside in this age of muddied and convoluted thinking.

    Wise hands wrote these words, of this much I am now certain.

    Its sections are authored in a spartan, laconic style, which seems fitting — yet it still manages to convey depth, passion and feeling. It contains parables and timeless life lessons, yet never feels pretentious or sermonizing. It offers up historical context that has the potential to forever change our understanding of the world, and does so while powerfully speaking to the most fundamental elements of human nature. Most importantly — and I do not know how else to cleanly phrase this — it is a breath of fresh air. There is strength and health here, of a type I believe we might fruitfully learn and draw from, now more than ever.

    If elements of the work seem jarring to our modern sensibilities and prejudices, I suggest reading with a truly open mind — coupled with a recognition that many of our fashionable modes of thinking and looking at the world were largely formulated in such a short slice of recent time. We represent but the blink of an eye in contrast to the sum total of recorded history, and this practice of looking to the past and its leading personalities with self-assured condescension may be one we come to regret. Such timeless wisdom as one finds in Codex Oera Linda is vastly more important than the temporal products of our own modern minds, so prone to be carried away with themselves, so enamored with novelty, so prone to bend and sway with the prevailing political and cultural winds.

    It is said that complexity is the way of the intelligent and simplicity is the way of the wise. This work tells in simple yet fascinating detail the story of a deeply rooted, unswervingly noble and just people, for whom good conduct was far more than a performative facade for the sake of those looking on. Considering the consequences of one's actions seems to be intrinsic to their character and nature, the core of their individual and collective being. They seem to recognize this mindset as the necessary core of any nation or community seeking to stand the test of time — a recognition that makes the story of their eventual fall all the more powerful and telling, conveying profound and timely lessons.

    Just as it was my privilege to create video productions on the topic,[2] it is equally so my privilege to write this foreword and to be able to work with an individual such as Jan Ott. Prudent, sober, insightful and gifted, we all owe him a sincere debt of gratitude for helping bring this work back into public consciousness, at long last.

    May it be instructive, intriguing and edifying — a sower of good seed in the hearts and minds of all who read it.

    — Asha Logos, 2021

    Notes

    1. Since 2022 a combined effort of Jan Ott and Bruce Stafford
    2. Our Subverted History — The Oera Linda Book, parts 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, released between September 2020 and March 2021 on various platforms: YouTube ([5.1] | [5.2] | [5.3]), Odysee ([5.1] | [5.2] | [5.3])

    Introduction

    This online edition of Codex Oera Linda — including an edited transcription in the original lettering system, translation into multiple languages, suggested alternative reading order, scans of all pages and explanatory notes — is intended to be a public resource. (Click Expand to open.)

    The manuscript came to light in 1867, when it was first submitted for examination to the Frisian Society (for the Practice of Frisian History, Antiquity and Linguistics) in Leeuwarden, Friesland, by Cornelis Over de Linden, who claimed to have inherited the manuscript in 1848 from the estate of his grandfather Andries Over de Linden. Following his death in 1874, it was inherited by his son Leendert Over de Linden, who left it to his brother's grandson, Cornelis Over de Linden IV. The latter donated it in 1938 to the Frisian Provincial Library, now Tresoar in Leeuwarden.

    The pages bear no watermarks, but waterlines are visible that appear similar to the characteristic lines of 12th century Spanish-Arabic paper. The page size is 291 mm x 210 mm, or 11.46 x 8.27 inches, except for the letters of instruction. The whole book likely consisted of bound quires (bundles of 24-26 bound pages), as indicated by the sewing holes and Over de Linden's statement that he had taken it apart.[1] Twenty pages of the manuscript are missing between p. 168-189, two between p. 192-195 and an unknown number after p. 210, leaving a total of 190 pages.

    A word on translation: a literal translation is not always the best reflection of the intended meaning. Some expressions make no sense in another language, while some words, although they have recognisable modern cognates, have a different meaning in the original. For example, at 1.02, BOKA (boka) is obviously related to books — but modern books are usually printed, so writings or scriptures may better convey what was meant. There is scope for ambiguity in places; LIF (lif) could be either body (Dutch: lijf, German: Leib) or life. The latter translation was chosen after a review of other uses in context. KÉREN (kéren, 47.10) means chosen/favoured, but is also related to English corn (maize) and Dutch koren (grain: wheat, rye or barley). Since FOLK (folk) is a key term in the work, it was generally left unchanged, although in some cases people is used. Proper names were translated or left unchanged, sometimes in a more familiar spelling.

    In 1938, the Oera Linda manuscript was donated to the Frisian Provincial Library by then owner Cornelis Over de Linden IV, who trusted that his donation would finally lead to proper study of the document and its contents. Until today, this has never happened.[2]

    The library states that the Oera Linda book is “commonly believed to be a forgery.” Substantiation of this belief, however, is sparse. The main evidence seems to be the fact that scholars do not take it seriously. Asking whether the manuscript or its contents may be authentic after all appears to have been taboo in Dutch academia since the late 1870s.

    Our desire is that this new edition will make the texts and the original language more accessible — may it inspire readers to appreciate their significance.

    Notes

    1. As cited from one of his diaries by Jensma (2004) De Gemaskerde God, p. 305
    2. The 2004 dissertation by Jensma theorizes about possible 19th century creators and their motives, but started from the assumption that it had to be a forgery.

    Chapters

    Letters of instruction

    A. a.01 | Hidde Oera Linda

    B. b.01 | Liko Ovira-Linda

    Part I — Book of the Adela-Followers

    Part II — Added by Oera Lindas

    Alternative reading order

    Suggested chronological reading order.

    For a more recently created alternative reading experience, see Video Reading Order.

    Historical narratives

    Other