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TÉJA is the reconstructed infinitve of a verb that occurs in various inflections.
<span class="fryas">TÉJA</span> is the reconstructed infinitve of a verb that occurs in various inflections. Words derived from it can rarely be translated literally.


Probably derived from this verb are the nouns [[TÉKEN]], TEX.
Probably derived from this verb are the nouns <span class="fryas">[[TÉKEN]], TEX, TOCHT(-A/-E), Tjan</span> (ten).


==varieties==
==varieties==
*TO TÉJANDE (inf) - 5a, 8e, 14d, 16b1
 
*TÁGON/TAGON - 13b, 13c2, 13c3, 14f, 16d (past tense, 3rd person plur.)
*<span class="fryas">TO TÉJANDE</span> - Ga, K3c, S3a-1, U2b-1 (inf.)
*TÁCH - 13c1, 15c1, 16b3 (past tense, 3rd person sing.)
*<span class="fryas">(BI)TIGHATH</span> - Gd (present, 3rd p. sing)
*TÁG - 19c (past tense, 3rd person sing.)
*<span class="fryas">TJAN (UT)</span> - L1c (imperative)
*TJAN (UT)- 9c (imperative)
*<span class="fryas">TJUGANDE</span> - L2b-1 (present participle)
*<span class="fryas">TJUGHA (→ TJUGA)</span> - N2a (inf.)
*<span class="fryas">TÁGON</span> - R2a, R2b-3, R2b-4, S4, U3a (past, 3rd p. plur.)
*<span class="fryas">TÁCH</span> - R2b-1, R2b-2, T2b, U2b-3, Zc (past, 3rd p. sing.)
perfect:
perfect:
*(VR)THÉJAN - 3e
*<span class="fryas">(VR)THÉJAN (→ TÉJEN)</span> - Ee
*(VR)TJÛGAD - 4d
*<span class="fryas">(VR)TJÛGAD</span> - F1d
*(VR)TIGEN - 5e
*<span class="fryas">(VR)TIGEN (→ TÉJEN)</span> - Ge
*(WR)TÉIN - 8d
*<span class="fryas">(WR)TÉIN, (HIN)TÉIN (→ TÉJEN)</span> - K3b, S3a-2
*(OM)TÉJEN - 9e
*<span class="fryas">TEKAD</span> - L2a
*TJUCHT - 10b
*<span class="fryas">(OM)TÉJEN</span> - L2b-2
*TOGEN - 11c, 16f
*<span class="fryas">TJUCHT</span> - Mb
*(VR)TYAN, (AN)TJAN - 14e
*<span class="fryas">TOGEN</span> - N2b, U4
*TÁGEN - 15c2
*<span class="fryas">(VR)TYAN, (AN)TJAN (→ TÉJEN)</span> - S3b-1, S3b-3
*<span class="fryas">TÁGEN (→ TOGEN)</span> - T2c
derived nouns/compounds:
derived nouns/compounds:
*TOGUM (plur.) - 11a
*<span class="fryas">TJUGUM</span> (witnesses) - Ea, Ed, Gc
*(SIN.)TÜGA (plur.) - 13f
*<span class="fryas">TOGUM</span> (plur.) - N1
*(ORLOCH.)TUCH - 14e
*<span class="fryas">(SIN.)TÜGA</span> (plur.) - R4b
*TJUCH - 16b2
*<span class="fryas">(ORLOCH.)TUCH</span> - S3b-2
*TUCHT(.RODE) - 18
*<span class="fryas">TJUCH</span> - U2b-2
*(VN)TUCHT - 19b
*<span class="fryas">TUCHT(.RODE)</span> - Y
expression:
*<span class="fryas">(VN)TUCHT</span> - Zb
*TÍGE BY TÍGE - 4c
expressions:
(To be added: words with [[TOCHT]].)
*<span class="fryas">TÍGE BY TÍGE</span><ref>Compare [154/25] <span class="fryas">DIGER BI DIGER</span>, translated as ''thoroughly''.</ref> - F1c
*<span class="fryas">ORLOCH is/was VRTHÉJAN/VRTIGEN/VRTYAN</span> - Ee, Ge, S3b-1
*<span class="fryas">TÉJA BÀRN</span> (conceive/raise children)<ref>Old Greek τεκνο (children) may be derived from this.</ref> — Ga, N2a, U2b-1
(To be added: <span class="fryas">HÉR​.TOGA</span>, words with <span class="fryas">[[TOCHT]]</span>.)


==cognates==  
==cognates, derivatives==
*(bi)tetsia/tetzia (acquire, take possession) - Old Frisian
 
(some examples:)
*tegere (to cover, hide, close, conceal, etc.), texere (weave), tangere (to touch) - Latin
*tejer (weave, knit, spin) - Spanish
*tejer (weave, knit, spin) - Spanish
*tecer ( ,, ) - Portuguese
*tecer ( ,, ) - Portuguese
*tie, tow, tissue, textile - English
*taw (→ tool), tie, tow, tug, thatch (pull-over), tissue, textile - English
*ziehen (pull), erziehen (raise), zücken (pull out), zögern (hesitate), Zucht (breed), Zug (train) - German
*ziehen (pull), erziehen (raise), zücken (pull out), zögern (hesitate), Zucht (breed), Zug (train) - German
*touwen, tuigen, tuien, tooien (make, prepare), tuig, teug - Dutch
*touwen, tuigen, tuien, tooien, (aan-)tijgen (make, prepare, trekken, accuse), (be-)tichten (accuse), dekken (overtrekken), tuig, teug - Dutch
* tawa, tauje ( ,, ) - Frisian
* tawa, tauje ( ,, ) - Frisian
Possibly related: teach, token, text.
Possibly related: teach, token, text, (Dutch:) taai.


==dictionaries==
==dictionaries==
* [https://books.google.nl/books?id=G1pCNc2c258C Wiarda (1786)]: '''teia''' seh '''tia'''; (p.379) '''Tia''' seh '''telen''' und '''Thing'''; '''tia''', '''thia''', '''teia''' ''ziehen und reisen''. And ana en or land to tiande, ''und nach einem andern Lande zu ziehen''. — tjaen ''tiden'' tyen, tyden, Tuin. (etc.)
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=Lo8MAQAAIAAJ Hettema (1832)] (p.82): '''Tia''', ''tiije'', voorttelen (reproduce); '''Tia''', ''tjaen'', trekken, voorttrekken, in bezit nemen, reizen.
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=qhMGAAAAQAAJ Richthofen (1840)] (p.1082): '''tia''' (ziehen, zeugen) (... full page article), also see possibly related words '''tia''' (zug), '''tiader, tieder''' (bindseil, strick) etc.
* [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/afries/afries_t.html Koebler (2014)]: '''tiā''' (...) nhd. ziehen, erziehen, unterhalten, sich berufen, zeugen, antreten, angehen, aufkommen für, vorgehen, sich wenden; (...)
* in glossary of Bremmer's ''[https://theswissbay.ch/pdf/Books/Linguistics/Mega%20linguistics%20pack/Indo-European/Germanic/Old%20Frisian%2C%20An%20Introduction%20to%20%28Bremmer%29.pdf Introduction to Old Frisian]'' (2009, p.191): '''bitetza''' - to take possession of (German: zücken) (note Ott: Dutch 'betrekken')


==fragments==
==fragments==
3e
[025/20] IS ORLOCH VRTHÉJAN
4d
[031/11] BIN.IK VRTJÛGAD
[[En 05a Three Principles|5a. Three Principles]]
[040/15] ALLE ELTE MINNISKA WERTHAT DRONGEN A <u>BÀRN '''TO''' '''TÉJANDE'''</u>
''All healthy people feel the desire to raise children''
5e


[044/07] ORLOCH WAS VRTIGEN
[[EN015.01 Burg|Ea. Burg Laws]]


[[En 04c Useful Precedents|4c. Useful Precedents]]
* [<nowiki/>[[017]]/23] <span class="fryas">THRJA SJVGUN <u>TJUGUM</u></span>


[030/15] ALDULKERA TO KJASANE THAM MÀN '''TÍGE BY TÍGE''' KÀNTH
[[EN023.07 War|Ed. At War]]


''to choose only those who are very well known''
* [<nowiki/>[[023]]/20] <span class="fryas">MITH BODON ÀND <u>TJUGUM</u></span>


8d
[[EN025.04 Security|Ee. Security and War Aftermath]]


[059/25] MITH GOLD WRTÉIN
* [<nowiki/>[[025]]/20] <span class="fryas">IS ORLOCH <u>VRTHÉJAN (→ VRTÉJEN)</u></span>
[[En 04c Useful Precedents|F1c. Useful Precedents]]
* [<nowiki/>[[030]]/15] <span class="fryas">ALDULKERA TO KJASANE THAM MÀN <u>TÍGE BY TÍGE</u> KÀNTH —</span> ''to choose only those who are <u>very well</u>'' (or: ''through and through'') ''known''


[[En 08e The Gools|8e. The Idolatrous Gools]]
[[EN031.04 Laws|F1d. Concerning Laws]]


[061/05] THA GOLA FÍRADON ... FÉRSTA ÀND '''TO''' '''TÍANDE (→TÉJANDE)''' THA KÁD​.HÉMAR THÉRA THRVCH TODVAN HJARAR HORIGA MAN'GHÉRTNE ÀND THA SWÉT​.HÉD FON HJARA FININNIGE WIN
* [<nowiki/>[[031]]/11] <span class="fryas">BIN.IK <u>VRTJÛGAD</u></span>


''the Gools celebrated ... rites, attracting the coast-dwellers with their whorish girls and the sweetness of their venomous wine''
[[EN040.11 Principles|Ga. Three Principles]]


[[En 09c Kelta and the Gools|9c. Kelta and the Gools]]
* [<nowiki/>[[040]]/15] <span class="fryas">ALLE ELTE MINNISKA WERTHAT DRONGEN A <u>BÀRN TO TÉJANDE</u> —</span> ''All healthy people feel the desire to raise children''


[067/20] WILST WÉR FRY WÉSA ÀND VNDER MINA RÉD ÀND HODA LÉVA. '''TJAN UT''' THEN.
[[EN042.10 Wrathful|Gc. Wrathful People]]


''If you wish to be free again, and live under my counsel and care, then march forth!''
* [<nowiki/>[[042]]/27] <span class="fryas">MITH VRKÀNDA <u>TJUGUM</u></span>


[[En 09e The Geartmen|9e. The Geartmen Move to Panj-ab]]
[[EN043.01 Evildoers|Gd. Evildoers]]


[073/01] MEN WI HÉDON VSA STÉNE BURCH.WAL MITH TWAM HORNUM '''OMTÉJEN''' ALTO THA SÉ
* [<nowiki/>[[043]]/] <span class="fryas">IS THÉR HWA THÉR EN ÔTHER ÀFTERBÀKIS <u>BITIGHATH</u> —</span> ''if anyone accuses another behind his back''


''But we had our stone burg wall, with two horns [...] all the way to the sea''
[[EN044.07 Thieves|Ge. Three Thieves]]


[[En 10b Athenia|10b - Athenia: Miscegenation and Decadence]]
* [<nowiki/>[[044]]/07] <span class="fryas">ORLOCH WAS <u>VRTIGEN (→ VRTÉJEN)</u></span>


[077/01] VMBE THAT ER '''TJUCHT''' WÉSA SKOLDE UT EN FRYASKE MAN'GÉRTE ÀND EN ÉGIPTISKA PRESTER
[[EN058.01 Tyrians|K3b. Tunis and the Tyrians]]


''because he would be the son of a Frya girl and an Egyptian priest''
* [<nowiki/>[[059]]/25] <span class="fryas">MITH GOLD <u>WRTÉIN (→ VRTÉJEN)</u></span>


[[En 11a The Denmarks|11a. Denmarks Lost]]
[[EN060.12 Gola|K3c. The Gola]]


[081/01] SPANDON HJA HJARA HORSA FAR HJARA '''TOGUM'''
* [<nowiki/>[[061]]/05] <span class="fryas">THA GOLA FÍRADON ... FÉRSTA ÀND <u>TO TÍANDE (→ TÉJANDE)</u> THA KÁD​.HÉMAR THÉRA THRVCH TODVAN HJARAR HORIGA MAN'GHÉRTNE ÀND THA SWÉT​.HÉD FON HJARA FININNIGE WIN —</span> ''the Gools celebrated ... rites, <u>attracting</u> the coast-dwellers with their whorish girls and the sweetness of their venomous wine''


''hitched their horses to their sleighs''
[[EN067.09 Kelta|L1c. Kelta and the Gola]]


[[En 11c The Magus|11c. Death of the Magus]]
* [<nowiki/>[[067]]/20] <span class="fryas">WILST WÉR FRY WÉSA ÀND VNDER MINA RÉD ÀND HODA LÉVA. <u>TJAN UT</u> THEN.  —</span> ''If you wish to be free again, and live under my counsel and care, then march forth!''


[085/20] THA STJURAR ... HÉDON HINI GÉRN TO JONIS '''TOGEN'''
[[EN068.17 Mediterranean|L2a. Jon and Minerva]]


''The steersmen ... were eager to confront him''
* [<nowiki/>[[070]]/11] <span class="fryas">HJA WÉRON MITH FELUM <u>TEKAD</u> —</span> ''They were clothed in skins''


[[En 13b Treason|13b. Bruno: A Treacherous Maiden]]
[[EN072.05 Geartmen|L2b. The Geartmen]]


[092/25] THA SAXNE '''TÁGON''' UTA SKÀDNE
* 1. [072/29] <span class="fryas">FORTH JAVON HJA THAT FOLK BYLDNESE FON HIRA LIKNESS <u>TJUGANDE</u> THÀT HJA THÉRAN ELLA FRÉJA MACHTE ALSANÁKA HJA HÉROCH BILÉWON.</span> — ''They also gave their folk images of her likeness, <u>attesting</u> that they could pray to them for anything, as long as they remained obedient.''


''knives were drawn''
* 2<nowiki/>. [<nowiki/>[[073]]/01] <span class="fryas">MEN WI HÉDON VSA STÉNE BURCH.WAL MITH TWAM HORNUM <u>OMTÉJEN</u> ALTO THA SÉ —</span> ''But we had our stone burg wall, with two horns [...] all the way to the sea''


[[En 13c Death of Adela|13c. Death of Adela]]
[[EN076.13 Athenia|Mb. - Athenia in Decline]]


1. [093/30] THÁ NÉVIL EWÉI '''TÁCH'''
* [<nowiki/>[[077]]/01] <span class="fryas">VMBE THAT ER <u>TJUCHT</u> WÉSA SKOLDE UT EN FRYASKE MAN'GÉRTE ÀND EN ÉGIPTISKA PRESTER —</span> ''because he would be the son of a Frya girl and an Egyptian priest''


''When the fog dissolved''
[[EN079.11 Denmarks|N1. Denmarks Lost]]


2. [094/10] TOFÁRA ADELA.S DURE '''TAGON''' TWILIF MAN’GÉRTNE MITH TWILIF LÀMKES
* [<nowiki/>[[081]]/01] <span class="fryas">SPANDON HJA HJARA HORSA FAR HJARA <u>TOGUM</u></span> <span class="fryas">''—''</span> ''hitched their horses to their sleighs''


''Twelve girls with twelve lambs passed by Adela’s door''
[[EN082.01 Frana|N2a. Frana’s Prophecy]]


3. [095/05] INTWISKA HÉDON SINA ELDRA HJARA WÉPNE FAT. ÀND '''TAGON''' VNDÍGR TO JONIS
* [<nowiki/>[[083]]/29] <span class="fryas">TOJENST HJARA TÁTA <u>TJUGHA (→ TJUGA)</u></span>


''Meanwhile, his parents had taken up their arms and approached them recklessly''
[[EN085.12 Medeasblik|N2b. Battle of Medeasblik]]


13f
* [<nowiki/>[[085]]/20] <span class="fryas">THA STJURAR ... HÉDON HINI GÉRN TO JONIS <u>TOGEN</u></span> <span class="fryas">''—''</span> ''The steersmen ... were eager to confront him''


[103/10] SIN.TÜGA
[[EN091.11 Treason|R2a. A Treacherous Maiden]]


[[En 14d Alexander|14d. Alexander the King]]
* [<nowiki/>[[092]]/25] <span class="fryas">THA SAXNE <u>TÁGON</u> UTA SKÀDNE —</span> ''knives were drawn''


[124/01] VMBE VSA FLÁTE NÉI THA MIDDEL​.SÉ '''TO''' '''TYANDE (→TÉJANDE)'''
[[EN093.18 Arrow|R2b. Death of Adela]]


''to tow our fleet to the Middle Sea''
* 1. [<nowiki/>[[093]]/30] <span class="fryas">THÁ NÉVIL EWÉI <u>TÁCH</u></span> <span class="fryas">''—''</span> ''When the fog dissolved''
* 2. [<nowiki/>[[094]]/01] <span class="fryas">JONGK.FOLK <u>TÁCH</u> SJONGANDE</span>
* 3. [<nowiki/>[[094]]/10] <span class="fryas">TOFÁRA ADELA.S DURE <u>TAGON</u> <u>(→ TÁGON)</u> TWILIF MAN’GÉRTNE MITH TWILIF LÀMKES —</span> ''Twelve girls with twelve lambs passed by Adela’s door''
* 4. [<nowiki/>[[095]]/05] <span class="fryas">INTWISKA HÉDON SINA ELDRA HJARA WÉPNE FAT. ÀND <u>TAGON</u> <u>(→ TÁGON)</u> VNDÍGR (→ VN​.DIGER) TO JONIS —</span> ''Meanwhile, his parents had taken up their arms and approached them recklessly''


14e
[[EN100.01 Teachings2|R4b. Primal Teachings 2]]


[125/25] WAS ORLOCH VRTYAN
* [<nowiki/>[[103]]/10] <span class="fryas">SIN.TÜGA</span>


[128/05] ORLOCH.TUCH
[[EN120.10 Alexander|S3a. Alexander the King]]


[130/01] NW HÉDON HJA THET STOLTA SWÉRD ANTJAN
* 1. [<nowiki/>[[124]]/01] <span class="fryas">VMBE VSA FLÁTE NÉI THA MIDDEL​.SÉ <u>TO TYANDE (→ TÉJANDE)</u></span> <span class="fryas">''—''</span> ''to tow our fleet to the Middle Sea''
* 2. [<nowiki/>[[125]]/01] <span class="fryas">HWÉR ALLE ÀFTA FRYA​.S BERN FORMELS <u>HINTÉIN (→ HINTÉJEN)</u> WÉRON</span>


[[En 14f Northland|14f. Northland]]
[[EN125.05 Demetrius|S3b. Demetrius and Friso]]


[131/05] HJA '''TÁGON''' IMMER FORTH EN THET HÉR WÀRTH AL GRÁTER
* 1. [<nowiki/>[[125]]/25] <span class="fryas">WAS ORLOCH <u>VRTYAN</u></span>
* 2. [<nowiki/>[[128]]/05] <span class="fryas">ORLOCH.<u>TUCH</u></span>
* 3. [<nowiki/>[[130]]/01] <span class="fryas">NW HÉDON HJA THET STOLTA SWÉRD <u>ANTJAN (→ ANTÉJEN)</u></span>


''They kept moving on and the army grew stronger''
[[EN130.21 Northland|S4. Northland]]


[[En 15c Yesus or Buda|15c. Yesus or Buda of Kashmir]]
* [<nowiki/>[[131]]/05] <span class="fryas">HJA <u>TÁGON</u> IMMER FORTH EN THET HÉR WÀRTH AL GRÁTER —</span> ''They kept moving on and the army grew stronger''


1. [137/05] ALOMME HWÉR ER FORTH HINNE '''TÁCH'''
[[EN136.08 Yesus|T2b. Yesus of Kashmir]]


''Everywhere he went''
* [<nowiki/>[[137]]<nowiki/>/05] <span class="fryas">ALOMME HWÉR ER FORTH HINNE <u>TÁCH</u></span> <span class="fryas">''—''</span> ''Everywhere he went''
[[EN138.24 Priests|T2c. Bald Priests in Rags]]
* [<nowiki/>[[139]]<nowiki/>/15] <span class="fryas">VRMITES HJA WISTON THÀT JES.US ÀJEN THA RIKA TO FJELDA <u>TÁGEN (→ TOGEN)</u> HÉDE —</span> ''Because they knew that Yesus had been in arms against the rich''


2. [139/15] VRMITES HJA WISTON THÀT JES.US ÀJEN THA RIKA TO FJELDA '''TÁGEN''' HÉDE
[[EN145.25 Danes|U2b. Danish Alliance]]


''Because they knew that Yesus had been in arms against the rich''
* 1. [<nowiki/>[[148]]/20] <span class="fryas">AND FON HJARA STORESTE TOGHTERA VMB THÉR BI <u>BERN TO TÉJANDE</u></span> <span class="fryas">''—''</span> ''and of their sturdiest daughters to have children by''
* 2. [<nowiki/>[[149]]/20] <span class="fryas">TO HRÉD MITH ÍSERE KÉDNE ÀND KRÁNBOGUM ÀND MITH FVLLE <u>TJUCH</u> ALSA FAR WÉR​.SKÉPA HOF ÀND NÉDLIK SÍ —</span> ''equipped with iron chains and crossbows, and fully rigged with what is useful and essential on warships''
* 3. [<nowiki/>[[150]]/10] <span class="fryas">THÉR IN IS FOLK LÉID THAT FRISO UT.A SAXANA MARKA <u>TÁCH</u> —</span> ''They were populated with folk that Friso took from the Saxonmarks''
[[EN154.17 Adel|U3a. Adel and Ifkia]]
* [<nowiki/>[[157]]/20] <span class="fryas">DÁNÁ <u>TÁGON</u> HJA INOVIR STÁVEREN.S.WRDA BY HJARA LJUDA ROND —</span> ''Thereupon, they toured along the shores of Staveren, visiting their kindred''


[[En 16b Alliances|16b. Friso: Alliances]]
[[EN163.10 Panjab|U4. Liudgeart: Panj-ab]]


1. [148/20] AND FON HJARA STORESTE TOGHTERA VMB THÉR BI <u>BERN '''TO''' '''TÉJANDE'''</u>
* [<nowiki/>[[164]]/01] <span class="fryas">HWANA SE ... NÉI THA DELTA ... <u>TOGEN</u> IS —</span> ''from where she descended to the delta''


''and of their sturdiest daughters to have children by''
[[EN189.01 Titles|Y. Rika: Title Theft]]


2. [149/20] TO HRÉD MITH ÍSERE KÉDNE ÀND KRÁNBOGUM ÀND MITH FVLLE '''TJUCH''' ALSA FAR WÉR​.SKÉPA HOF ÀND NÉDLIK SÍ
* [<nowiki/>[[192]]/10] <span class="fryas"><u>TUCHT</u>.RODE</span>


''equipped with iron chains and crossbows, and fully rigged with what is useful and essential on warships''
[[EN198.19 Blood|Zb. Streams of Blood]]


3. [150/10] THÉR IN IS FOLK LÉID THAT FRISO UT.A SAXANA MARKA '''TÁCH'''.
* [<nowiki/>[[200]]/01] <span class="fryas">THA <u>VNTUCHT</u> THÉR WIVA</span>


''They were populated with folk that Friso took from the Saxonmarks''
[[EN202.06 Reintia|Zc. Reintia’s Dream]]


[[En 16d Adel and Ifkia|16d. Adel and Ifkia]]
* [<nowiki/>[[203]]/25] <span class="fryas">SAND HJU BODON NÉI ÁSKAR AND <u>TÁG</u> <u>(→ TÁCH)</u> SELVA ALINGEN THENE BALDA​.SÉ —</span> ''she sent messengers to Askar and continued along the Baltic Sea''


[157/20] DÁNÁ '''TÁGON''' HJA INOVIR STÁVEREN.S.WRDA BY HJARA LJUDA ROND.
''Thereupon, they toured along the shores of Staveren, visiting their kindred''
[[En 16f Panj-ab Report|16f. Liudgeart: Panj-ab Report]]
[164/01] HWANA SE ... NÉI THA DELTA ... '''TOGEN''' IS
''from where she descended to the delta''
18
[192/10] TUCHT.RODE
19b
[200/01] THA VNTUCHT THÉR WIVA
[[En 19c Reintja's Dream|19c. Reintia’s Dream]]
[203/25] SAND HJU BODON NÉI ÁSKAR AND '''TÁG''' SELVA ALINGEN THENE BALDA​.SÉ
''she sent messengers to Askar and continued along the Baltic Sea''
==discussion==
==discussion==
[https://www.etymonline.com/word/tag#etymonline_v_4324 etymonline/tag]


[https://www.etymonline.com/word/tack#etymonline_v_4310 etymonline/tack]
[https://www.etymonline.com/word/tag#etymonline_v_4324 etymonline/tag]; [https://www.etymonline.com/word/tack#etymonline_v_4310 etymonline/tack]


'Tag', 'tack', 'twig'* seem to be related. The original word may (a.o.t.) have meant 'needle' (related to making textile).
''Tag, tack, twig'' seem to be related. The original word may (a.o.t.) have meant ''needle'' (related to making textile).


Cognates:
== cognates ==
*tak - Dutch (branch, twig)
*tak - Dutch (branch, twig)
*Zacke - German
*Zacke - German
* takke(l), tûke, tokke - Frisian
*takke(l), tûke, tokke - Frisian
*toeg(e), toek - Gronings, Drents
*toeg(e), toek - Gronings, Drents
*tagg - Norse, Swedish
*tagg - Norse, Swedish
*taque - Old North French (nail, pin, peg)
*taque - Old North French (nail, pin, peg)
<nowiki>*</nowiki>[163/01] '''TWÍGA''' FON FRÍA.S STAM
 
* [163/01] <span class="fryas"><u>TWÍGA</u> FON FRÍA.S STAM</span>


Found in the accepted Oldfrisian texts (examples):
Found in the accepted Oldfrisian texts (examples):
*ther hiu bi him '''tege''' (Overkeuren #5, Hunsingo Codices 'H1', 'H2')
*ther hiu bi him '''tege''' (Overkeuren #5, Hunsingo Codices H1, H2)
*thet hit nen mon ne binere the '''biteszie''' iefta bitiune, biere iefta bischere (Asegarecht #5, Fivelgo Codex 'F')
*thet hit nen mon ne binere the '''biteszie''' iefta bitiune, biere iefta bischere (Asegarecht #5, Fivelgo Codex F)


==notes==
==notes==
<references />
<references />
[[Category:Word Studies]]
[[Category:Word Studies]]

Latest revision as of 12:42, 9 May 2026

TÉJA is the reconstructed infinitve of a verb that occurs in various inflections. Words derived from it can rarely be translated literally.

Probably derived from this verb are the nouns TÉKEN, TEX, TOCHT(-A/-E), Tjan (ten).

varieties

  • TO TÉJANDE - Ga, K3c, S3a-1, U2b-1 (inf.)
  • (BI)TIGHATH - Gd (present, 3rd p. sing)
  • TJAN (UT) - L1c (imperative)
  • TJUGANDE - L2b-1 (present participle)
  • TJUGHA (→ TJUGA) - N2a (inf.)
  • TÁGON - R2a, R2b-3, R2b-4, S4, U3a (past, 3rd p. plur.)
  • TÁCH - R2b-1, R2b-2, T2b, U2b-3, Zc (past, 3rd p. sing.)

perfect:

  • (VR)THÉJAN (→ TÉJEN) - Ee
  • (VR)TJÛGAD - F1d
  • (VR)TIGEN (→ TÉJEN) - Ge
  • (WR)TÉIN, (HIN)TÉIN (→ TÉJEN) - K3b, S3a-2
  • TEKAD - L2a
  • (OM)TÉJEN - L2b-2
  • TJUCHT - Mb
  • TOGEN - N2b, U4
  • (VR)TYAN, (AN)TJAN (→ TÉJEN) - S3b-1, S3b-3
  • TÁGEN (→ TOGEN) - T2c

derived nouns/compounds:

  • TJUGUM (witnesses) - Ea, Ed, Gc
  • TOGUM (plur.) - N1
  • (SIN.)TÜGA (plur.) - R4b
  • (ORLOCH.)TUCH - S3b-2
  • TJUCH - U2b-2
  • TUCHT(.RODE) - Y
  • (VN)TUCHT - Zb

expressions:

  • TÍGE BY TÍGE[1] - F1c
  • ORLOCH is/was VRTHÉJAN/VRTIGEN/VRTYAN - Ee, Ge, S3b-1
  • TÉJA BÀRN (conceive/raise children)[2] — Ga, N2a, U2b-1

(To be added: HÉR​.TOGA, words with TOCHT.)

cognates, derivatives

(some examples:)

  • tegere (to cover, hide, close, conceal, etc.), texere (weave), tangere (to touch) - Latin
  • tejer (weave, knit, spin) - Spanish
  • tecer ( ,, ) - Portuguese
  • taw (→ tool), tie, tow, tug, thatch (pull-over), tissue, textile - English
  • ziehen (pull), erziehen (raise), zücken (pull out), zögern (hesitate), Zucht (breed), Zug (train) - German
  • touwen, tuigen, tuien, tooien, (aan-)tijgen (make, prepare, trekken, accuse), (be-)tichten (accuse), dekken (overtrekken), tuig, teug - Dutch
  • tawa, tauje ( ,, ) - Frisian

Possibly related: teach, token, text, (Dutch:) taai.

dictionaries

  • Wiarda (1786): teia seh tia; (p.379) Tia seh telen und Thing; tia, thia, teia ziehen und reisen. And ana en or land to tiande, und nach einem andern Lande zu ziehen. — tjaen tiden tyen, tyden, Tuin. (etc.)
  • Hettema (1832) (p.82): Tia, tiije, voorttelen (reproduce); Tia, tjaen, trekken, voorttrekken, in bezit nemen, reizen.
  • Richthofen (1840) (p.1082): tia (ziehen, zeugen) (... full page article), also see possibly related words tia (zug), tiader, tieder (bindseil, strick) etc.
  • Koebler (2014): tiā (...) nhd. ziehen, erziehen, unterhalten, sich berufen, zeugen, antreten, angehen, aufkommen für, vorgehen, sich wenden; (...)
  • in glossary of Bremmer's Introduction to Old Frisian (2009, p.191): bitetza - to take possession of (German: zücken) (note Ott: Dutch 'betrekken')

fragments

Ea. Burg Laws

  • [017/23] THRJA SJVGUN TJUGUM

Ed. At War

  • [023/20] MITH BODON ÀND TJUGUM

Ee. Security and War Aftermath

  • [025/20] IS ORLOCH VRTHÉJAN (→ VRTÉJEN)

F1c. Useful Precedents

  • [030/15] ALDULKERA TO KJASANE THAM MÀN TÍGE BY TÍGE KÀNTH — to choose only those who are very well (or: through and through) known

F1d. Concerning Laws

  • [031/11] BIN.IK VRTJÛGAD

Ga. Three Principles

  • [040/15] ALLE ELTE MINNISKA WERTHAT DRONGEN A BÀRN TO TÉJANDE — All healthy people feel the desire to raise children

Gc. Wrathful People

  • [042/27] MITH VRKÀNDA TJUGUM

Gd. Evildoers

  • [043/] IS THÉR HWA THÉR EN ÔTHER ÀFTERBÀKIS BITIGHATH — if anyone accuses another behind his back

Ge. Three Thieves

  • [044/07] ORLOCH WAS VRTIGEN (→ VRTÉJEN)

K3b. Tunis and the Tyrians

  • [059/25] MITH GOLD WRTÉIN (→ VRTÉJEN)

K3c. The Gola

  • [061/05] THA GOLA FÍRADON ... FÉRSTA ÀND TO TÍANDE (→ TÉJANDE) THA KÁD​.HÉMAR THÉRA THRVCH TODVAN HJARAR HORIGA MAN'GHÉRTNE ÀND THA SWÉT​.HÉD FON HJARA FININNIGE WIN — the Gools celebrated ... rites, attracting the coast-dwellers with their whorish girls and the sweetness of their venomous wine

L1c. Kelta and the Gola

  • [067/20] WILST WÉR FRY WÉSA ÀND VNDER MINA RÉD ÀND HODA LÉVA. TJAN UT THEN. — If you wish to be free again, and live under my counsel and care, then march forth!

L2a. Jon and Minerva

  • [070/11] HJA WÉRON MITH FELUM TEKAD — They were clothed in skins

L2b. The Geartmen

  • 1. [072/29] FORTH JAVON HJA THAT FOLK BYLDNESE FON HIRA LIKNESS TJUGANDE THÀT HJA THÉRAN ELLA FRÉJA MACHTE ALSANÁKA HJA HÉROCH BILÉWON. — They also gave their folk images of her likeness, attesting that they could pray to them for anything, as long as they remained obedient.
  • 2. [073/01] MEN WI HÉDON VSA STÉNE BURCH.WAL MITH TWAM HORNUM OMTÉJEN ALTO THA SÉ — But we had our stone burg wall, with two horns [...] all the way to the sea

Mb. - Athenia in Decline

  • [077/01] VMBE THAT ER TJUCHT WÉSA SKOLDE UT EN FRYASKE MAN'GÉRTE ÀND EN ÉGIPTISKA PRESTER — because he would be the son of a Frya girl and an Egyptian priest

N1. Denmarks Lost

  • [081/01] SPANDON HJA HJARA HORSA FAR HJARA TOGUM — hitched their horses to their sleighs

N2a. Frana’s Prophecy

  • [083/29] TOJENST HJARA TÁTA TJUGHA (→ TJUGA)

N2b. Battle of Medeasblik

  • [085/20] THA STJURAR ... HÉDON HINI GÉRN TO JONIS TOGEN — The steersmen ... were eager to confront him

R2a. A Treacherous Maiden

  • [092/25] THA SAXNE TÁGON UTA SKÀDNE — knives were drawn

R2b. Death of Adela

  • 1. [093/30] THÁ NÉVIL EWÉI TÁCH — When the fog dissolved
  • 2. [094/01] JONGK.FOLK TÁCH SJONGANDE
  • 3. [094/10] TOFÁRA ADELA.S DURE TAGON (→ TÁGON) TWILIF MAN’GÉRTNE MITH TWILIF LÀMKES — Twelve girls with twelve lambs passed by Adela’s door
  • 4. [095/05] INTWISKA HÉDON SINA ELDRA HJARA WÉPNE FAT. ÀND TAGON (→ TÁGON) VNDÍGR (→ VN​.DIGER) TO JONIS — Meanwhile, his parents had taken up their arms and approached them recklessly

R4b. Primal Teachings 2

  • [103/10] SIN.TÜGA

S3a. Alexander the King

  • 1. [124/01] VMBE VSA FLÁTE NÉI THA MIDDEL​.SÉ TO TYANDE (→ TÉJANDE) — to tow our fleet to the Middle Sea
  • 2. [125/01] HWÉR ALLE ÀFTA FRYA​.S BERN FORMELS HINTÉIN (→ HINTÉJEN) WÉRON

S3b. Demetrius and Friso

  • 1. [125/25] WAS ORLOCH VRTYAN
  • 2. [128/05] ORLOCH.TUCH
  • 3. [130/01] NW HÉDON HJA THET STOLTA SWÉRD ANTJAN (→ ANTÉJEN)

S4. Northland

  • [131/05] HJA TÁGON IMMER FORTH EN THET HÉR WÀRTH AL GRÁTER — They kept moving on and the army grew stronger

T2b. Yesus of Kashmir

  • [137/05] ALOMME HWÉR ER FORTH HINNE TÁCH — Everywhere he went

T2c. Bald Priests in Rags

  • [139/15] VRMITES HJA WISTON THÀT JES.US ÀJEN THA RIKA TO FJELDA TÁGEN (→ TOGEN) HÉDE — Because they knew that Yesus had been in arms against the rich

U2b. Danish Alliance

  • 1. [148/20] AND FON HJARA STORESTE TOGHTERA VMB THÉR BI BERN TO TÉJANDE — and of their sturdiest daughters to have children by
  • 2. [149/20] TO HRÉD MITH ÍSERE KÉDNE ÀND KRÁNBOGUM ÀND MITH FVLLE TJUCH ALSA FAR WÉR​.SKÉPA HOF ÀND NÉDLIK SÍ — equipped with iron chains and crossbows, and fully rigged with what is useful and essential on warships
  • 3. [150/10] THÉR IN IS FOLK LÉID THAT FRISO UT.A SAXANA MARKA TÁCH — They were populated with folk that Friso took from the Saxonmarks

U3a. Adel and Ifkia

  • [157/20] DÁNÁ TÁGON HJA INOVIR STÁVEREN.S.WRDA BY HJARA LJUDA ROND — Thereupon, they toured along the shores of Staveren, visiting their kindred

U4. Liudgeart: Panj-ab

  • [164/01] HWANA SE ... NÉI THA DELTA ... TOGEN IS — from where she descended to the delta

Y. Rika: Title Theft

  • [192/10] TUCHT.RODE

Zb. Streams of Blood

  • [200/01] THA VNTUCHT THÉR WIVA

Zc. Reintia’s Dream

  • [203/25] SAND HJU BODON NÉI ÁSKAR AND TÁG (→ TÁCH) SELVA ALINGEN THENE BALDA​.SÉ — she sent messengers to Askar and continued along the Baltic Sea

discussion

etymonline/tag; etymonline/tack

Tag, tack, twig seem to be related. The original word may (a.o.t.) have meant needle (related to making textile).

cognates

  • tak - Dutch (branch, twig)
  • Zacke - German
  • takke(l), tûke, tokke - Frisian
  • toeg(e), toek - Gronings, Drents
  • tagg - Norse, Swedish
  • taque - Old North French (nail, pin, peg)
  • [163/01] TWÍGA FON FRÍA.S STAM

Found in the accepted Oldfrisian texts (examples):

  • ther hiu bi him tege (Overkeuren #5, Hunsingo Codices H1, H2)
  • thet hit nen mon ne binere the biteszie iefta bitiune, biere iefta bischere (Asegarecht #5, Fivelgo Codex F)

notes

  1. ↑ Compare [154/25] DIGER BI DIGER, translated as thoroughly.
  2. ↑ Old Greek τεκνο (children) may be derived from this.
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