TOCHT

In the OLB, the word-root TOCHT appears 34 times, and varieties: THOCHT 2x, THOGT 1x => total 37 times.

In eight of these 37 fragments, the meaning is clearly: journey, trek, trip.

In seven cases, it is used in the combination LIF-TOCHTA, meaning: victuals, provisions, food for during travelling. In these seven as well as the above eight, tocht would be derived from TÉJA; Dutch tijgen (past: toog, perfect: getogen).

Furthermore, there are twelve fragments in which TOCHT, THOCHT, THOGT are related to thinking (past tense). In fragment [160/09], the term can also be interpreted as passions.

In the last ten fragments, the meaning is less clear and the word was translated with passion(s) or similar terms. It is mostly used in a negative connotation (except perhaps fragments [081/30] and [102/20]).

cognates

In Dutch (incl. dialects), the word tocht can have different meanings:

• journey, trek, trip
• draught, draft, breeze
• lust to mate (copulate), mostly used for cows (Westfrisian dictionary)

In Oldfrisian tocht(a) could mean (see 'dictionaries', below):

• thought (noun; in the Westfrisian dialect the past tense of the verb 'to think' is docht)
• passion (lust in general, still commonly used in hartstocht)
• discipline (tucht in modern Dutch)

dictionaries

• Wiarda (1786) under "thinzia" (to think): Tocht = der Gedanke. 'Ende openberia da tochten der Herten' = und offenbare die Gedanken der Herzen => According to Wiarda "tocht" is "thought", and "hartstocht" (passion) is actually "hearts-thought"
• Hettema (1832) Tocht = gedachte => thought
• Richthofen (1840) tocht = zucht, tuchte => passion, discipline (dutch: tocht, tucht, zucht); tochta = gedanke => thought (dutch: gedachte)

fragments

meaning: journey, trek, trip

• [004/32] MÀN MOT TÁLA HJAM [...] WRA FÀRA SÉ.TOCHTA (sea voyages)
• [028/16] SIN THÉR VPPA TOCHT VMKUME SA MOTON HJARA NÉSTUN. HJARA DÉL ERVA
• [053/12] UT THESSE TOCHTE IS THJU SKÉDNESE FON WODIN BERN
• [073/32] HJU MACHTE FRYA UTTOCHTE' HÁ (free passage/free 'journey out)
• [085/23] THA GRÁTE FLÁTE WÉRE VPPEN FÉRE TOCHT ÚT
• [121/31] THI TOCHT HLIP SVNDER FARDÉL TO.N.ENDE
• [122/25] HI NE THVRADE SIN TOCHT NAVT VRFATA
• [123/23] I SKILE JET.EN LITHGE TOCHT TO SINRA WILLE DVAN

in compound noun LIFTOCHTA

• [029/02] SAHWERSA EN MÉNTE EN FLÀTE TO RÉTH. MOTON THA RÉDAR NJVDA FÁRA BESTE LIF.TOCHTUN
• [057/09] HIR SELLADON HJA ALLERHANNE LIF.TOCHTA
• [080/06] BROCHTON HJA HJARA AJNE WÉPNE ÀND LIFTOCHTA WÉI
• [080/13] THATET FORMA SKIP MITH LIFTOCHTA FONA KÁD FÁREN WAS
• [125/03] FORTH GVNGON WI SALT-ÁTHA LIFTOCHTA ÀND WÉPNE FÁRA
• [125/26] THÉR HINNE BROCHTON WI SINA SALT.ÁTHA ÁND LIFTOCHTA VVR

related to thinking

• [039/28] THA HÉRA BILÉVON WELDA NÉI THAT IR GOD THOCHTE (verb: they thought)
• [066/06] JAHWEDER TOCHTE THÀT HJU INNA LOGHA OMKVMA MOSTE (verb: all thought)
• [071/01] TILTHJU HJA TOCHTON THAT EN FORSTENE WÉRE (verb: they thought)
• [079/23] VPPA MÉNA ACHT TOCHTE MÀN AL ÉN (verb: one thought)
• [102/17] ÁK NE MÉI NÉN MÀNNISKA NAVT NE SEDSA IK THÀNK. MEN BLÁT IK THOCHTE (verb: I thought)
• [105/03] THISSA WROCHTON ÀND TOCHTON TO SÉMINE (verb: these thought)
• [126/09] HI THOGTE THÀT.IM ELLA FRY STVNDE (verb: he thought)
• [144/28] HWAND TOCHT IK NV WI NÉNE MODER LÔNGER NAVT NÀVE (verb: I thought)
• [153/02] THES DÉIS VRSKALKTH.I THÉR SINA VN.ÀFTER.TOCHTLIKA FRJUNDA IN (compound adjective: un-after-thouht-like, i.e. unsuspicious)
• [160/09] NV STEMLÉTH NER GELÁT HJARA BOSA TOCHTA NAVT LONGER MAR VRRÉDON. NV IS DÜGED FON UT HJARA MIDDEN WÉKEN (noun plur.) Now that stammering or the face no longer betray their evil thoughts, virtue has vanished from their midst;
• [206/05] THÀ IK THÉR ÀFTERNÉI VR NÉI TOCHTE (verb: I thought)
• [207/31] MÀN TOCHTE THÀT.ET ÉTA ÀND DRINKA VRJYVEN WÉRE (verb: one thought)

related to passions, mostly with negative connotation

• [007/16] HJRA DÉDA WRDON THRVCH HJRA TOCHTA STJVRAT (noun plur.) Her deeds were driven by her passions.

• [011/15] THACH THÉRA ALLÉNA MÉI IK AS FRY KÀNNA THÉR NÉN SLÁF IS FON ÉN ÔTHER NI FON SINE TOCHTA (noun plur.) But only those can I deem free who are neither slave to another nor to their own passions. (see discussion for other translations)
• [015/25] ÉR HJU MITH HIRA TOCHTIGE ÁDAMA THÀT LJUCHT BIWLATH (adj.) before she pollutes the light with her unchaste breath.
• [017/16] THÉNE HÉLENER. THÉR MOT SJA JEF ER ÁK BISÉTEN IS FON KVADA TOCHTUM (noun plur.) the healer — who must determine whether he is possessed by evil passions.
• [063/11] THRVCH SIN VNTOCHT ÀND HÁCH.FÁRENHÉD. IS ER VAKEN THENE BÁNA SINRA NÉISTA SIBBA WRDEN. (noun sing., negativised) his lechery and cockiness has often made him the bane even of his nearest kin.
• [081/30] HWAND SKELET HALDA SÁ MOT ALLERA MANNALIK WÁKA OVIR SIN AJNA TOCHTA. ÀND FORIT MÉNA HELD. (noun plur.) for every man must keep watch over his own passions and safeguard the common good if it is to endure.
• [102/20] HY HETH ORA GÉRTNE. TOCHTA ÀND THÀNKWISA (noun plur.) He has other desires, passions, and ways of thinking.
• [139/22] THAHWILA HJA WISTON THÀT JES-US LÉRAD HÉDE THÀT MÀN SINA TOCHTA WELDA ÀND BISTJURA MOSTE. SÁ LÉRDON HJA THÀT MÀN ALLE SINA TOCHTA DÉJA MOSTE (2x noun plur.) While they knew that Yesus had taught that one should control and direct his passions, they preached that one must stamp out all his passions
• [140/01] VMB FORTH TO BIWISANE THÀT HIA AL HJARA TOCHTA DÁD HÉDE NAMON HJA NÉNE WIWA (noun plur.) to prove furthermore that they had eradicated all their passions, they took no wives.

discussion

other translations

Fragment [011/15] was translated as:

• [Ottema 1876, p.19] hem alleen mag ik als vrij erkennen die geen slaaf is van een ander noch van zijne driften
• [Sandbach 1876, p.19] him only can I recognise as free who is neither a slave to another nor to himself
• [Wirth 1933, p.17] nur den allein mag ich als freien anerkennen, der kein Sklave ist eines anderen, noch seiner eigenen Leidenschaften
• [Jensma 2006, p.93] die alleen kan ik als Fries kennen die geen slaaf is van een ander noch van zijn hartstochten
• [Raubenheimer 2011, p.330] him only can I recognise as free who is neither a slave to another nor to his own passions

dualism (philosophy of mind)

In philosophy of mind, dualism is the assumption that mental phenomena are, in some respects non-physical, or that the mind and body are distinct. Thus, it encompasses a set of views about the relationship between mind and matter, and is contrasted with other positions, such as physicalism, in the mind–body problem. [...] Dualism is closely associated with the philosophy of René Descartes (1641), which holds that the mind is a nonphysical substance. Descartes clearly identified the mind with consciousness and self-awareness and distinguished this from the brain as the seat of intelligence. Hence, he was the first to formulate the mind–body problem in the form in which it exists today. (Wiki)

In the OLB, it seems as if no distinction is made between (conscious) thoughts and (subconscious or instinctive) passions. In other words, no distinction between thoughts of the brain and those of the rest of the body.

In a healthy, whole person (mens sana in corpore sano), conscious mind and subconscious feelings are not in conflict. In other words, thoughts 'of the brain' and 'thoughts' of the heart (or genitals) agree.