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TÉJA is the reconstructed infinitve of a verb that occurs in various inflections.
<span class="fryas">TÉJA</span> is the reconstructed infinitve of a verb that occurs in various inflections. Words derived from it can rarely be translated literally.


Possibly derived from this verb are the nouns [[TÉKEN]], TEX.
Probably derived from this verb are the nouns <span class="fryas">[[TÉKEN]], TEX, TOCHT(-A/-E), Tjan</span> (ten).


==varieties==
==varieties==
*(BÀRN/BERN TO) TÉJANDE - 5a, 16b1
*OMTÉJEN - 9e (perfect)
*TÁGEN - 15c2 (perfect)
*TÁGON/TAGON - 13b, 13c2, 13c3, 14f, 16d (past tense, 3rd person plur.)
*TÁCH - 13c1, 15c1, 16b2 (past tense, 3rd person sing.)
different:
*TJUCHT - 10b (perfect)


==cognates==
*<span class="fryas">TO TÉJANDE</span> - Ga, K3c, S3a-1, U2b-1 (inf.)
*<span class="fryas">(BI)TIGHATH</span> - Gd (present, 3rd p. sing)
*<span class="fryas">TJAN (UT)</span> - L1c (imperative)
*<span class="fryas">TJUGANDE</span> - L2b-1 (present participle)
*<span class="fryas">TJUGHA (→ TJUGA)</span> - N2a (inf.)
*<span class="fryas">TÁGON</span> - R2a, R2b-3, R2b-4, S4, U3a (past, 3rd p. plur.)
*<span class="fryas">TÁCH</span> - R2b-1, R2b-2, T2b, U2b-3, Zc (past, 3rd p. sing.)
perfect:
*<span class="fryas">(VR)THÉJAN (→ TÉJEN)</span> - Ee
*<span class="fryas">(VR)TJÛGAD</span> - F1d
*<span class="fryas">(VR)TIGEN (→ TÉJEN)</span> - Ge
*<span class="fryas">(WR)TÉIN, (HIN)TÉIN (→ TÉJEN)</span> - K3b, S3a-2
*<span class="fryas">TEKAD</span> - L2a
*<span class="fryas">(OM)TÉJEN</span> - L2b-2
*<span class="fryas">TJUCHT</span> - Mb
*<span class="fryas">TOGEN</span> - N2b, U4
*<span class="fryas">(VR)TYAN, (AN)TJAN (→ TÉJEN)</span> - S3b-1, S3b-3
*<span class="fryas">TÁGEN (→ TOGEN)</span> - T2c
derived nouns/compounds:
*<span class="fryas">TJUGUM</span> (witnesses) - Ea, Ed, Gc
*<span class="fryas">TOGUM</span> (plur.) - N1
*<span class="fryas">(SIN.)TÜGA</span> (plur.) - R4b
*<span class="fryas">(ORLOCH.)TUCH</span> - S3b-2
*<span class="fryas">TJUCH</span> - U2b-2
*<span class="fryas">TUCHT(.RODE)</span> - Y
*<span class="fryas">(VN)TUCHT</span> - Zb
expressions:
*<span class="fryas">TÍGE BY TÍGE</span><ref>Compare [154/25] <span class="fryas">DIGER BI DIGER</span>, translated as ''thoroughly''.</ref> - F1c
*<span class="fryas">ORLOCH is/was VRTHÉJAN/VRTIGEN/VRTYAN</span> - Ee, Ge, S3b-1
*<span class="fryas">TÉJA BÀRN</span> (conceive/raise children)<ref>Old Greek τεκνο (children) may be derived from this.</ref> — Ga, N2a, U2b-1
(To be added: <span class="fryas">HÉR​.TOGA</span>, words with <span class="fryas">[[TOCHT]]</span>.)
 
==cognates, derivatives==
 
(some examples:)
*tegere (to cover, hide, close, conceal, etc.), texere (weave), tangere (to touch) - Latin
*tejer (weave, knit, spin) - Spanish
*tejer (weave, knit, spin) - Spanish
*tecer ( ,, ) - Portuguese
*tecer ( ,, ) - Portuguese
*tie, tow - English
*taw (→ tool), tie, tow, tug, thatch (pull-over), tissue, textile - English
*ziehen (pull), erziehen (raise) - German
*ziehen (pull), erziehen (raise), zücken (pull out), zögern (hesitate), Zucht (breed), Zug (train) - German
*touwen, tuigen, tuien, tooien (make, prepare) - Dutch
*touwen, tuigen, tuien, tooien, (aan-)tijgen (make, prepare, trekken, accuse), (be-)tichten (accuse), dekken (overtrekken), tuig, teug - Dutch
*tawa, tauje ( ,, ) - Frisian
* tawa, tauje ( ,, ) - Frisian
Possibly related: teach, token, text, (Dutch:) taai.


==dictionaries==
==dictionaries==
* [https://books.google.nl/books?id=G1pCNc2c258C Wiarda (1786)]: '''teia''' seh '''tia'''; (p.379) '''Tia''' seh '''telen''' und '''Thing'''; '''tia''', '''thia''', '''teia''' ''ziehen und reisen''. And ana en or land to tiande, ''und nach einem andern Lande zu ziehen''. — tjaen ''tiden'' tyen, tyden, Tuin. (etc.)
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=Lo8MAQAAIAAJ Hettema (1832)] (p.82): '''Tia''', ''tiije'', voorttelen (reproduce); '''Tia''', ''tjaen'', trekken, voorttrekken, in bezit nemen, reizen.
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=qhMGAAAAQAAJ Richthofen (1840)] (p.1082): '''tia''' (ziehen, zeugen) (... full page article), also see possibly related words '''tia''' (zug), '''tiader, tieder''' (bindseil, strick) etc.
* [https://www.koeblergerhard.de/afries/afries_t.html Koebler (2014)]: '''tiā''' (...) nhd. ziehen, erziehen, unterhalten, sich berufen, zeugen, antreten, angehen, aufkommen für, vorgehen, sich wenden; (...)
* in glossary of Bremmer's ''[https://theswissbay.ch/pdf/Books/Linguistics/Mega%20linguistics%20pack/Indo-European/Germanic/Old%20Frisian%2C%20An%20Introduction%20to%20%28Bremmer%29.pdf Introduction to Old Frisian]'' (2009, p.191): '''bitetza''' - to take possession of (German: zücken) (note Ott: Dutch 'betrekken')


==fragments==
==fragments==
[[En 05a Three Principles|5a. Three Principles]]


[040/15] ALLE ELTE MINNISKA WERTHAT DRONGEN A [20] <u>BÀRN TO '''TÉJANDE'''</u>
[[EN015.01 Burg|Ea. Burg Laws]]
 
* [<nowiki/>[[017]]/23] <span class="fryas">THRJA SJVGUN <u>TJUGUM</u></span>
 
[[EN023.07 War|Ed. At War]]
 
* [<nowiki/>[[023]]/20] <span class="fryas">MITH BODON ÀND <u>TJUGUM</u></span>
 
[[EN025.04 Security|Ee. Security and War Aftermath]]
 
* [<nowiki/>[[025]]/20] <span class="fryas">IS ORLOCH <u>VRTHÉJAN (→ VRTÉJEN)</u></span>
[[En 04c Useful Precedents|F1c. Useful Precedents]]
* [<nowiki/>[[030]]/15] <span class="fryas">ALDULKERA TO KJASANE THAM MÀN <u>TÍGE BY TÍGE</u> KÀNTH —</span> ''to choose only those who are <u>very well</u>'' (or: ''through and through'') ''known''
 
[[EN031.04 Laws|F1d. Concerning Laws]]
 
* [<nowiki/>[[031]]/11] <span class="fryas">BIN.IK <u>VRTJÛGAD</u></span>
 
[[EN040.11 Principles|Ga. Three Principles]]
 
* [<nowiki/>[[040]]/15] <span class="fryas">ALLE ELTE MINNISKA WERTHAT DRONGEN A <u>BÀRN TO TÉJANDE</u> —</span> ''All healthy people feel the desire to raise children''
 
[[EN042.10 Wrathful|Gc. Wrathful People]]
 
* [<nowiki/>[[042]]/27] <span class="fryas">MITH VRKÀNDA <u>TJUGUM</u></span>
 
[[EN043.01 Evildoers|Gd. Evildoers]]
 
* [<nowiki/>[[043]]/] <span class="fryas">IS THÉR HWA THÉR EN ÔTHER ÀFTERBÀKIS <u>BITIGHATH</u> —</span> ''if anyone accuses another behind his back''
 
[[EN044.07 Thieves|Ge. Three Thieves]]
 
* [<nowiki/>[[044]]/07] <span class="fryas">ORLOCH WAS <u>VRTIGEN (→ VRTÉJEN)</u></span>
 
[[EN058.01 Tyrians|K3b. Tunis and the Tyrians]]
 
* [<nowiki/>[[059]]/25] <span class="fryas">MITH GOLD <u>WRTÉIN (→ VRTÉJEN)</u></span>
 
[[EN060.12 Gola|K3c. The Gola]]
 
* [<nowiki/>[[061]]/05] <span class="fryas">THA GOLA FÍRADON ... FÉRSTA ÀND <u>TO TÍANDE (→ TÉJANDE)</u> THA KÁD​.HÉMAR THÉRA THRVCH TODVAN HJARAR HORIGA MAN'GHÉRTNE ÀND THA SWÉT​.HÉD FON HJARA FININNIGE WIN —</span> ''the Gools celebrated ... rites, <u>attracting</u> the coast-dwellers with their whorish girls and the sweetness of their venomous wine''


''All healthy people feel the desire to raise children''
[[EN067.09 Kelta|L1c. Kelta and the Gola]]


[[En 09e The Geartmen|9e. The Geartmen Move to Panj-ab]]
* [<nowiki/>[[067]]/20] <span class="fryas">WILST WÉR FRY WÉSA ÀND VNDER MINA RÉD ÀND HODA LÉVA. <u>TJAN UT</u> THEN.  —</span> ''If you wish to be free again, and live under my counsel and care, then march forth!''


[073/01] MEN WI HÉDON VSA STÉNE BURCH.WAL MITH TWAM HORNUM '''OMTÉJEN''' ALTO THA SÉ
[[EN068.17 Mediterranean|L2a. Jon and Minerva]]


''But we had our stone burg wall, with two horns [...] all the way to the sea''
* [<nowiki/>[[070]]/11] <span class="fryas">HJA WÉRON MITH FELUM <u>TEKAD</u> —</span> ''They were clothed in skins''


[[En 10b Athenia|10b - Athenia: Miscegenation and Decadence]]
[[EN072.05 Geartmen|L2b. The Geartmen]]


[077/01] VMBE THAT ER '''TJUCHT''' WÉSA SKOLDE UT EN [5] FRYASKE MAN'GÉRTE ÀND EN ÉGIPTISKA PRESTER
* 1. [072/29] <span class="fryas">FORTH JAVON HJA THAT FOLK BYLDNESE FON HIRA LIKNESS <u>TJUGANDE</u> THÀT HJA THÉRAN ELLA FRÉJA MACHTE ALSANÁKA HJA HÉROCH BILÉWON.</span> — ''They also gave their folk images of her likeness, <u>attesting</u> that they could pray to them for anything, as long as they remained obedient.''


''because he would be the son of a Frya girl and an Egyptian priest''
* 2<nowiki/>. [<nowiki/>[[073]]/01] <span class="fryas">MEN WI HÉDON VSA STÉNE BURCH.WAL MITH TWAM HORNUM <u>OMTÉJEN</u> ALTO THA SÉ —</span> ''But we had our stone burg wall, with two horns [...] all the way to the sea''


[[En 13b Treason|13b. Bruno: A Treacherous Maiden]]
[[EN076.13 Athenia|Mb. - Athenia in Decline]]


[092/25] THA SAXNE '''TÁGON''' UTA SKÀDNE
* [<nowiki/>[[077]]/01] <span class="fryas">VMBE THAT ER <u>TJUCHT</u> WÉSA SKOLDE UT EN FRYASKE MAN'GÉRTE ÀND EN ÉGIPTISKA PRESTER —</span> ''because he would be the son of a Frya girl and an Egyptian priest''


''knives were drawn''
[[EN079.11 Denmarks|N1. Denmarks Lost]]


[[En 13c Death of Adela|13c. Death of Adela]]
* [<nowiki/>[[081]]/01] <span class="fryas">SPANDON HJA HJARA HORSA FAR HJARA <u>TOGUM</u></span> <span class="fryas">''—''</span> ''hitched their horses to their sleighs''


1. [093/30] THÁ NÉVIL EWÉI '''TÁCH'''
[[EN082.01 Frana|N2a. Frana’s Prophecy]]


''When the fog dissolved''
* [<nowiki/>[[083]]/29] <span class="fryas">TOJENST HJARA TÁTA <u>TJUGHA (→ TJUGA)</u></span>


2. [094/10] TOFÁRA ADELA.S DURE '''TAGON''' TWILIF MAN’GÉRTNE MITH TWILIF LÀMKES
[[EN085.12 Medeasblik|N2b. Battle of Medeasblik]]


''Twelve girls with twelve lambs passed by Adela’s door''
* [<nowiki/>[[085]]/20] <span class="fryas">THA STJURAR ... HÉDON HINI GÉRN TO JONIS <u>TOGEN</u></span> <span class="fryas">''—''</span> ''The steersmen ... were eager to confront him''


3. [095/05] INTWISKA HÉDON SINA ELDRA HJARA WÉPNE FAT. ÀND '''TAGON''' VNDÍGR TO JONIS
[[EN091.11 Treason|R2a. A Treacherous Maiden]]


''Meanwhile, his parents had taken up their arms and approached them recklessly''
* [<nowiki/>[[092]]/25] <span class="fryas">THA SAXNE <u>TÁGON</u> UTA SKÀDNE —</span> ''knives were drawn''


[[En 14f Northland|14f. Northland]]
[[EN093.18 Arrow|R2b. Death of Adela]]


[131/05] HJA '''TÁGON''' IMMER FORTH EN THET HÉR WÀRTH AL GRÁTER
* 1. [<nowiki/>[[093]]/30] <span class="fryas">THÁ NÉVIL EWÉI <u>TÁCH</u></span> <span class="fryas">''—''</span> ''When the fog dissolved''
* 2. [<nowiki/>[[094]]/01] <span class="fryas">JONGK.FOLK <u>TÁCH</u> SJONGANDE</span>
* 3. [<nowiki/>[[094]]/10] <span class="fryas">TOFÁRA ADELA.S DURE <u>TAGON</u> <u>(→ TÁGON)</u> TWILIF MAN’GÉRTNE MITH TWILIF LÀMKES —</span> ''Twelve girls with twelve lambs passed by Adela’s door''
* 4. [<nowiki/>[[095]]/05] <span class="fryas">INTWISKA HÉDON SINA ELDRA HJARA WÉPNE FAT. ÀND <u>TAGON</u> <u>(→ TÁGON)</u> VNDÍGR (→ VN​.DIGER) TO JONIS —</span> ''Meanwhile, his parents had taken up their arms and approached them recklessly''


''They kept moving on and the army grew stronger''
[[EN100.01 Teachings2|R4b. Primal Teachings 2]]


[[En 15c Yesus or Buda|15c. Yesus or Buda of Kashmir]]
* [<nowiki/>[[103]]/10] <span class="fryas">SIN.TÜGA</span>


1. [137/05] ALOMME HWÉR ER FORTH HINNE '''TÁCH'''
[[EN120.10 Alexander|S3a. Alexander the King]]


''Everywhere he went''
* 1. [<nowiki/>[[124]]/01] <span class="fryas">VMBE VSA FLÁTE NÉI THA MIDDEL​.SÉ <u>TO TYANDE (→ TÉJANDE)</u></span> <span class="fryas">''—''</span> ''to tow our fleet to the Middle Sea''
* 2. [<nowiki/>[[125]]/01] <span class="fryas">HWÉR ALLE ÀFTA FRYA​.S BERN FORMELS <u>HINTÉIN (→ HINTÉJEN)</u> WÉRON</span>


2. [139/15] VRMITES HJA WISTON THÀT JES.US ÀJEN THA RIKA TO FJELDA '''TÁGEN''' HÉDE
[[EN125.05 Demetrius|S3b. Demetrius and Friso]]


''Because they knew that Yesus had been in arms against the rich''
* 1. [<nowiki/>[[125]]/25] <span class="fryas">WAS ORLOCH <u>VRTYAN</u></span>
* 2. [<nowiki/>[[128]]/05] <span class="fryas">ORLOCH.<u>TUCH</u></span>
* 3. [<nowiki/>[[130]]/01] <span class="fryas">NW HÉDON HJA THET STOLTA SWÉRD <u>ANTJAN (→ ANTÉJEN)</u></span>


[[En 16b Alliances|16b. Friso: Alliances]]
[[EN130.21 Northland|S4. Northland]]


1. [148/20] AND FON HJARA STORESTE TOGHTERA VMB [25] THÉR BI <u>BERN TO '''TÉJANDE'''</u>
* [<nowiki/>[[131]]/05] <span class="fryas">HJA <u>TÁGON</u> IMMER FORTH EN THET HÉR WÀRTH AL GRÁTER —</span> ''They kept moving on and the army grew stronger''


''and of their sturdiest daughters to have children by''
[[EN136.08 Yesus|T2b. Yesus of Kashmir]]


2. [150/10] THÉR IN IS FOLK LÉID THAT FRISO UT.A SAXANA MARKA '''TÁCH'''.
* [<nowiki/>[[137]]<nowiki/>/05] <span class="fryas">ALOMME HWÉR ER FORTH HINNE <u>TÁCH</u></span> <span class="fryas">''—''</span> ''Everywhere he went''
[[EN138.24 Priests|T2c. Bald Priests in Rags]]
* [<nowiki/>[[139]]<nowiki/>/15] <span class="fryas">VRMITES HJA WISTON THÀT JES.US ÀJEN THA RIKA TO FJELDA <u>TÁGEN (→ TOGEN)</u> HÉDE —</span> ''Because they knew that Yesus had been in arms against the rich''


''They were populated with folk that Friso took from the Saxonmarks''
[[EN145.25 Danes|U2b. Danish Alliance]]


[[En 16d Adel and Ifkia|16d. Adel and Ifkia]]
* 1. [<nowiki/>[[148]]/20] <span class="fryas">AND FON HJARA STORESTE TOGHTERA VMB THÉR BI <u>BERN TO TÉJANDE</u></span> <span class="fryas">''—''</span> ''and of their sturdiest daughters to have children by''
* 2. [<nowiki/>[[149]]/20] <span class="fryas">TO HRÉD MITH ÍSERE KÉDNE ÀND KRÁNBOGUM ÀND MITH FVLLE <u>TJUCH</u> ALSA FAR WÉR​.SKÉPA HOF ÀND NÉDLIK SÍ —</span> ''equipped with iron chains and crossbows, and fully rigged with what is useful and essential on warships''
* 3. [<nowiki/>[[150]]/10] <span class="fryas">THÉR IN IS FOLK LÉID THAT FRISO UT.A SAXANA MARKA <u>TÁCH</u> —</span> ''They were populated with folk that Friso took from the Saxonmarks''
[[EN154.17 Adel|U3a. Adel and Ifkia]]
* [<nowiki/>[[157]]/20] <span class="fryas">DÁNÁ <u>TÁGON</u> HJA INOVIR STÁVEREN.S.WRDA BY HJARA LJUDA ROND —</span> ''Thereupon, they toured along the shores of Staveren, visiting their kindred''


[157/20] DÁNÁ '''TÁGON''' HJA INOVIR STÁVEREN.S.WRDA BY HJARA LJUDA ROND.
[[EN163.10 Panjab|U4. Liudgeart: Panj-ab]]


''Thereupon, they toured along the shores of Staveren, visiting their kindred''
* [<nowiki/>[[164]]/01] <span class="fryas">HWANA SE ... NÉI THA DELTA ... <u>TOGEN</u> IS —</span> ''from where she descended to the delta''


[[19c. Reintia’s Dream|19c. Reintia’s Dream]]
[[EN189.01 Titles|Y. Rika: Title Theft]]


[203/25] SAND HJU BODON NÉI ÁSKAR AND '''TÁG''' SELVA ALINGEN THENE BALDA​.SÉ
* [<nowiki/>[[192]]/10] <span class="fryas"><u>TUCHT</u>.RODE</span>
 
[[EN198.19 Blood|Zb. Streams of Blood]]
 
* [<nowiki/>[[200]]/01] <span class="fryas">THA <u>VNTUCHT</u> THÉR WIVA</span>
 
[[EN202.06 Reintia|Zc. Reintia’s Dream]]
 
* [<nowiki/>[[203]]/25] <span class="fryas">SAND HJU BODON NÉI ÁSKAR AND <u>TÁG</u> <u>(→ TÁCH)</u> SELVA ALINGEN THENE BALDA​.SÉ —</span> ''she sent messengers to Askar and continued along the Baltic Sea''


''she sent messengers to Askar and continued along the Baltic Sea''
==discussion==
==discussion==
[https://www.etymonline.com/word/tag#etymonline_v_4324 etymonline/tag]


[https://www.etymonline.com/word/tack#etymonline_v_4310 etymonline/tack]
[https://www.etymonline.com/word/tag#etymonline_v_4324 etymonline/tag]; [https://www.etymonline.com/word/tack#etymonline_v_4310 etymonline/tack]


'Tag', 'tack', 'twig' are related. The original word may (a.o.t.) have meant 'needle' (related to making textile).
''Tag, tack, twig'' seem to be related. The original word may (a.o.t.) have meant ''needle'' (related to making textile).


Cognates:
== cognates ==
*tak - Dutch (branch, twig)
*tak - Dutch (branch, twig)
*Zacke - German
*Zacke - German
Line 112: Line 204:
*tagg - Norse, Swedish
*tagg - Norse, Swedish
*taque - Old North French (nail, pin, peg)
*taque - Old North French (nail, pin, peg)
* [163/01] <span class="fryas"><u>TWÍGA</u> FON FRÍA.S STAM</span>
Found in the accepted Oldfrisian texts (examples):
*ther hiu bi him '''tege''' (Overkeuren #5, Hunsingo Codices H1, H2)
*thet hit nen mon ne binere the '''biteszie''' iefta bitiune, biere iefta bischere (Asegarecht #5, Fivelgo Codex F)
==notes==
==notes==
<references />
<references />
[[Category:Word Studies]]
[[Category:Word Studies]]

Latest revision as of 12:42, 9 May 2026

TÉJA is the reconstructed infinitve of a verb that occurs in various inflections. Words derived from it can rarely be translated literally.

Probably derived from this verb are the nouns TÉKEN, TEX, TOCHT(-A/-E), Tjan (ten).

varieties

  • TO TÉJANDE - Ga, K3c, S3a-1, U2b-1 (inf.)
  • (BI)TIGHATH - Gd (present, 3rd p. sing)
  • TJAN (UT) - L1c (imperative)
  • TJUGANDE - L2b-1 (present participle)
  • TJUGHA (→ TJUGA) - N2a (inf.)
  • TÁGON - R2a, R2b-3, R2b-4, S4, U3a (past, 3rd p. plur.)
  • TÁCH - R2b-1, R2b-2, T2b, U2b-3, Zc (past, 3rd p. sing.)

perfect:

  • (VR)THÉJAN (→ TÉJEN) - Ee
  • (VR)TJÛGAD - F1d
  • (VR)TIGEN (→ TÉJEN) - Ge
  • (WR)TÉIN, (HIN)TÉIN (→ TÉJEN) - K3b, S3a-2
  • TEKAD - L2a
  • (OM)TÉJEN - L2b-2
  • TJUCHT - Mb
  • TOGEN - N2b, U4
  • (VR)TYAN, (AN)TJAN (→ TÉJEN) - S3b-1, S3b-3
  • TÁGEN (→ TOGEN) - T2c

derived nouns/compounds:

  • TJUGUM (witnesses) - Ea, Ed, Gc
  • TOGUM (plur.) - N1
  • (SIN.)TÜGA (plur.) - R4b
  • (ORLOCH.)TUCH - S3b-2
  • TJUCH - U2b-2
  • TUCHT(.RODE) - Y
  • (VN)TUCHT - Zb

expressions:

  • TÍGE BY TÍGE[1] - F1c
  • ORLOCH is/was VRTHÉJAN/VRTIGEN/VRTYAN - Ee, Ge, S3b-1
  • TÉJA BÀRN (conceive/raise children)[2] — Ga, N2a, U2b-1

(To be added: HÉR​.TOGA, words with TOCHT.)

cognates, derivatives

(some examples:)

  • tegere (to cover, hide, close, conceal, etc.), texere (weave), tangere (to touch) - Latin
  • tejer (weave, knit, spin) - Spanish
  • tecer ( ,, ) - Portuguese
  • taw (→ tool), tie, tow, tug, thatch (pull-over), tissue, textile - English
  • ziehen (pull), erziehen (raise), zücken (pull out), zögern (hesitate), Zucht (breed), Zug (train) - German
  • touwen, tuigen, tuien, tooien, (aan-)tijgen (make, prepare, trekken, accuse), (be-)tichten (accuse), dekken (overtrekken), tuig, teug - Dutch
  • tawa, tauje ( ,, ) - Frisian

Possibly related: teach, token, text, (Dutch:) taai.

dictionaries

  • Wiarda (1786): teia seh tia; (p.379) Tia seh telen und Thing; tia, thia, teia ziehen und reisen. And ana en or land to tiande, und nach einem andern Lande zu ziehen. — tjaen tiden tyen, tyden, Tuin. (etc.)
  • Hettema (1832) (p.82): Tia, tiije, voorttelen (reproduce); Tia, tjaen, trekken, voorttrekken, in bezit nemen, reizen.
  • Richthofen (1840) (p.1082): tia (ziehen, zeugen) (... full page article), also see possibly related words tia (zug), tiader, tieder (bindseil, strick) etc.
  • Koebler (2014): tiā (...) nhd. ziehen, erziehen, unterhalten, sich berufen, zeugen, antreten, angehen, aufkommen für, vorgehen, sich wenden; (...)
  • in glossary of Bremmer's Introduction to Old Frisian (2009, p.191): bitetza - to take possession of (German: zücken) (note Ott: Dutch 'betrekken')

fragments

Ea. Burg Laws

  • [017/23] THRJA SJVGUN TJUGUM

Ed. At War

  • [023/20] MITH BODON ÀND TJUGUM

Ee. Security and War Aftermath

  • [025/20] IS ORLOCH VRTHÉJAN (→ VRTÉJEN)

F1c. Useful Precedents

  • [030/15] ALDULKERA TO KJASANE THAM MÀN TÍGE BY TÍGE KÀNTH — to choose only those who are very well (or: through and through) known

F1d. Concerning Laws

  • [031/11] BIN.IK VRTJÛGAD

Ga. Three Principles

  • [040/15] ALLE ELTE MINNISKA WERTHAT DRONGEN A BÀRN TO TÉJANDE — All healthy people feel the desire to raise children

Gc. Wrathful People

  • [042/27] MITH VRKÀNDA TJUGUM

Gd. Evildoers

  • [043/] IS THÉR HWA THÉR EN ÔTHER ÀFTERBÀKIS BITIGHATH — if anyone accuses another behind his back

Ge. Three Thieves

  • [044/07] ORLOCH WAS VRTIGEN (→ VRTÉJEN)

K3b. Tunis and the Tyrians

  • [059/25] MITH GOLD WRTÉIN (→ VRTÉJEN)

K3c. The Gola

  • [061/05] THA GOLA FÍRADON ... FÉRSTA ÀND TO TÍANDE (→ TÉJANDE) THA KÁD​.HÉMAR THÉRA THRVCH TODVAN HJARAR HORIGA MAN'GHÉRTNE ÀND THA SWÉT​.HÉD FON HJARA FININNIGE WIN — the Gools celebrated ... rites, attracting the coast-dwellers with their whorish girls and the sweetness of their venomous wine

L1c. Kelta and the Gola

  • [067/20] WILST WÉR FRY WÉSA ÀND VNDER MINA RÉD ÀND HODA LÉVA. TJAN UT THEN. — If you wish to be free again, and live under my counsel and care, then march forth!

L2a. Jon and Minerva

  • [070/11] HJA WÉRON MITH FELUM TEKAD — They were clothed in skins

L2b. The Geartmen

  • 1. [072/29] FORTH JAVON HJA THAT FOLK BYLDNESE FON HIRA LIKNESS TJUGANDE THÀT HJA THÉRAN ELLA FRÉJA MACHTE ALSANÁKA HJA HÉROCH BILÉWON. — They also gave their folk images of her likeness, attesting that they could pray to them for anything, as long as they remained obedient.
  • 2. [073/01] MEN WI HÉDON VSA STÉNE BURCH.WAL MITH TWAM HORNUM OMTÉJEN ALTO THA SÉ — But we had our stone burg wall, with two horns [...] all the way to the sea

Mb. - Athenia in Decline

  • [077/01] VMBE THAT ER TJUCHT WÉSA SKOLDE UT EN FRYASKE MAN'GÉRTE ÀND EN ÉGIPTISKA PRESTER — because he would be the son of a Frya girl and an Egyptian priest

N1. Denmarks Lost

  • [081/01] SPANDON HJA HJARA HORSA FAR HJARA TOGUM — hitched their horses to their sleighs

N2a. Frana’s Prophecy

  • [083/29] TOJENST HJARA TÁTA TJUGHA (→ TJUGA)

N2b. Battle of Medeasblik

  • [085/20] THA STJURAR ... HÉDON HINI GÉRN TO JONIS TOGEN — The steersmen ... were eager to confront him

R2a. A Treacherous Maiden

  • [092/25] THA SAXNE TÁGON UTA SKÀDNE — knives were drawn

R2b. Death of Adela

  • 1. [093/30] THÁ NÉVIL EWÉI TÁCH — When the fog dissolved
  • 2. [094/01] JONGK.FOLK TÁCH SJONGANDE
  • 3. [094/10] TOFÁRA ADELA.S DURE TAGON (→ TÁGON) TWILIF MAN’GÉRTNE MITH TWILIF LÀMKES — Twelve girls with twelve lambs passed by Adela’s door
  • 4. [095/05] INTWISKA HÉDON SINA ELDRA HJARA WÉPNE FAT. ÀND TAGON (→ TÁGON) VNDÍGR (→ VN​.DIGER) TO JONIS — Meanwhile, his parents had taken up their arms and approached them recklessly

R4b. Primal Teachings 2

  • [103/10] SIN.TÜGA

S3a. Alexander the King

  • 1. [124/01] VMBE VSA FLÁTE NÉI THA MIDDEL​.SÉ TO TYANDE (→ TÉJANDE) — to tow our fleet to the Middle Sea
  • 2. [125/01] HWÉR ALLE ÀFTA FRYA​.S BERN FORMELS HINTÉIN (→ HINTÉJEN) WÉRON

S3b. Demetrius and Friso

  • 1. [125/25] WAS ORLOCH VRTYAN
  • 2. [128/05] ORLOCH.TUCH
  • 3. [130/01] NW HÉDON HJA THET STOLTA SWÉRD ANTJAN (→ ANTÉJEN)

S4. Northland

  • [131/05] HJA TÁGON IMMER FORTH EN THET HÉR WÀRTH AL GRÁTER — They kept moving on and the army grew stronger

T2b. Yesus of Kashmir

  • [137/05] ALOMME HWÉR ER FORTH HINNE TÁCH — Everywhere he went

T2c. Bald Priests in Rags

  • [139/15] VRMITES HJA WISTON THÀT JES.US ÀJEN THA RIKA TO FJELDA TÁGEN (→ TOGEN) HÉDE — Because they knew that Yesus had been in arms against the rich

U2b. Danish Alliance

  • 1. [148/20] AND FON HJARA STORESTE TOGHTERA VMB THÉR BI BERN TO TÉJANDE — and of their sturdiest daughters to have children by
  • 2. [149/20] TO HRÉD MITH ÍSERE KÉDNE ÀND KRÁNBOGUM ÀND MITH FVLLE TJUCH ALSA FAR WÉR​.SKÉPA HOF ÀND NÉDLIK SÍ — equipped with iron chains and crossbows, and fully rigged with what is useful and essential on warships
  • 3. [150/10] THÉR IN IS FOLK LÉID THAT FRISO UT.A SAXANA MARKA TÁCH — They were populated with folk that Friso took from the Saxonmarks

U3a. Adel and Ifkia

  • [157/20] DÁNÁ TÁGON HJA INOVIR STÁVEREN.S.WRDA BY HJARA LJUDA ROND — Thereupon, they toured along the shores of Staveren, visiting their kindred

U4. Liudgeart: Panj-ab

  • [164/01] HWANA SE ... NÉI THA DELTA ... TOGEN IS — from where she descended to the delta

Y. Rika: Title Theft

  • [192/10] TUCHT.RODE

Zb. Streams of Blood

  • [200/01] THA VNTUCHT THÉR WIVA

Zc. Reintia’s Dream

  • [203/25] SAND HJU BODON NÉI ÁSKAR AND TÁG (→ TÁCH) SELVA ALINGEN THENE BALDA​.SÉ — she sent messengers to Askar and continued along the Baltic Sea

discussion

etymonline/tag; etymonline/tack

Tag, tack, twig seem to be related. The original word may (a.o.t.) have meant needle (related to making textile).

cognates

  • tak - Dutch (branch, twig)
  • Zacke - German
  • takke(l), tûke, tokke - Frisian
  • toeg(e), toek - Gronings, Drents
  • tagg - Norse, Swedish
  • taque - Old North French (nail, pin, peg)
  • [163/01] TWÍGA FON FRÍA.S STAM

Found in the accepted Oldfrisian texts (examples):

  • ther hiu bi him tege (Overkeuren #5, Hunsingo Codices H1, H2)
  • thet hit nen mon ne binere the biteszie iefta bitiune, biere iefta bischere (Asegarecht #5, Fivelgo Codex F)

notes

  1. ↑ Compare [154/25] DIGER BI DIGER, translated as thoroughly.
  2. ↑ Old Greek τεκνο (children) may be derived from this.
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