HALS
varieties
HALS is used thrice meaning neck and four times referring to what is now Holstein, Northern Germany, the 'neck' of Denmark.
Plural HALSA (necks) is used once (fragment 19c-2).
Of the four uses as neck(s), three are in context of (losing) freedom (4e, 8b, 19c-2), and one as the metaphorical 'neck' of a beer jar (16b).
The four references to Holstein concern Hals as the destination of a journey (19c-1), the king of Hals (19c-3, 19d-1) and the fleet from Hals (19d-2).
cognates
- hals - Olddutch, Old Saxon, Old German, Oldfrisian, Old Norse, Gothic, Swedish, Danish, Norse
- háls - Icelandic
- heals - Oldenglish
- hause - Scots, English dialects
frjáls (free) in Old Norse and Icelandic seems to be derived from FRYA HALS (see fragments 4e and 8b).
fragments
[033/18] SLÁVONA.BANDA OM JAHWELIKES FRYA HALS
While we are busy inflicting damage on one another, the spiteful people of Finda will come with their false priests, to rob you of your possessions, defile your daughters, corrupt your morals, and in the end clap the bonds of slavery around every Frya’s neck. (or: 'free neck')
[055/23] THAWÍLA HI SIN FRYA HALS BOG
But among them were magic herbs, and Wodin gradually became so audacious that he dared to disavow and ridicule Frya and Wralda’s spirit while he bent his free neck before images of false gods.
[149/01] HJU IS NET KREK LIK JOW BJAR.KRUK THÉR. HJRA HALS IS ENG THA IN HJRA BALG KÀNNATH WEL THVSANDA GRÁTE KÁNA LIDSA.
It is just like your beer jar over there; the neck is narrow, but the belly can easily harbor thousands of large boats.
1. [202/20] AS.ER HIM THÉRTO FORBONDEN HÉDE GVNG RÉINTJA MITH THRIM FÁMNA NÉI HALS.
When he had agreed to this, Reintia went to Hals (Holstein) with three maidens.
2. [203/10] NILLATH HJA THAT NAVT NE DVA ALSA SKILUN HJA SLÁVONA BENDA VMBE HJARA HALSA KRÉJA.
If they do not, they shall find slave collars around their necks.
3. [/20] THENE KENING FON HALS
When Reintia had wrought unity between the king of Hals and all other people, she sent messengers to Askar and continued along the Baltic Sea.
1. [205/01] THA KÀNING FON HALS
As soon as Askar learned from Reintia’s messengers how the Jutters were inclined, he promptly sent messengers on his behalf to the king of Hals.
2. [/30] KÉM THÉR ÉNE FLÁTE UT HALS.
Askar pretended not to have noticed, but, unexpectedly, a fleet arrived from Hals.