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The inflections of the verb 'to miss' are striking because they do not correspond to the usual grammar of the texts, nor to the forms found in known Old Frisian dictionaries or other related languages.  
The inflections of the verb ''to miss'' are striking because they do not correspond to the usual grammar of the texts, nor to the forms found in known Old Frisian dictionaries or other related languages.  


For example:
For example:


* infinitive is <span class="fryas">MISTE</span> in two different texts where <span class="fryas">MISSA</span> would be expected
* infinitive is <span class="fryas">MISTE</span> in two different texts where <span class="fryas">MISSA</span> would be expected
* present plural is used once (1st person), also as <span class="fryas">MISTE where <span class="fryas">MISSE</span> or <span class="fryas">MISSA(TH)</span> would be expected
* present plural is used once (1st person), also as <span class="fryas">MISTE</span> where <span class="fryas">MISSE</span> or <span class="fryas">MISSA(TH)</span> would be expected
* present participle is used once as <span class="fryas">MISTANE</span> where <span class="fryas">MISSANE</span> or <span class="fryas">MISSANDE</span> would be expected
* present participle is used once as <span class="fryas">MISTANE</span> where <span class="fryas">MISSANE</span> or <span class="fryas">MISSANDE</span> would be expected


The use of this verb is an argument against thearies in which an alleged creator would have used Old Frisian dictionaries or existing known languages to concoct the Fryas language of the Oera Linda manuscript (with its great internal variety of spelling and grammar).
The use of this verb is an argument against theories in which an alleged creator would have used Old Frisian dictionaries or existing known languages to concoct the Fryas language of the Oera Linda manuscript (with its great internal variety of spelling and grammar).


== cognates ==
== cognates ==
 
Note that a <span class="fryas">T</span> is never used in the infinitive:
* Dutch - missen  (also Middle Dutch)
* Dutch - missen  (also Middle Dutch)
* German - missen (also Old German)
* German - missen (also Old German)
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==fragments==
==fragments==
[[En 03c Defense Laws|3c. Defense Laws]]
[[EN021.15 Defense|<u>Ec. Defense Laws</u>]]
 
:[<nowiki/>[[021-022|021]]] <span class="fryas">SA <u>MOT.I</u> THA SJVGUNDE <u>DÉI</u> <u>MISTE</u></span> — ''he must miss [a] day'' → infinitive
[<nowiki/>[[021|021]]] <span class="fryas">SA <u>MOT.I</u> THA SJVGUNDE <u>DÉI</u> <u>MISTE</u></span> — ''he must miss [a] day'' → infinitive
[[EN033.22 Minerva|<u>F2. Minerva</u>]]
 
:[<nowiki/>[[033-034|034]]] <span class="fryas">THA HJA SÁGON THÀT HJARA <u>SKOT</u> <u>MIST</u> <u>HÉDE</u></span> — ''[the] shot had missed'' → perfect
[[En 04f Minerva|4f. Minerva]]
:[<nowiki/>[[033-034|034]]] <span class="fryas">THÉRMITHA <u>MISTON</u> <u>HJA</u> HJARA <u>DOL</u></span> — ''they missed [the] target'' → past plural 3rd person
 
[[En 08b Wodin and the Magy|<u>K2. Wodin</u>]]
[<nowiki/>[[034|034]]] <span class="fryas">THA HJA SÁGON THÀT HJARA <u>SKOT</u> <u>MIST</u> <u>HÉDE</u></span> — ''[the] shot had missed'' → perfect
:[<nowiki/>[[055-056|055]]] <span class="fryas">SVNDER ENKEL <u>MAN</u> TO <u>MISTANE</u></span> — ''missing [a] man'' → present participle
 
[[En 09a Kelta and Minerva|<u>L1a. Kelta and Minerva</u>]]
[<nowiki/>[[034|034]]] <span class="fryas">THÉRMITHA <u>MISTON</u> <u>HJA</u> HJARA <u>DOL</u></span> — ''they missed [the] target'' → past plural 3rd person
:[<nowiki/>[[063-064|064]]] <span class="fryas">ÀND <u>KUNNATH HJA</u> <u>VS</u> WEL <u>MISTE</u></span> — ''they can miss us'' → infinitive
 
:[<nowiki/>[[065-066|065]]] <span class="fryas">THACH <u>KÀLTA</u> <u>MISTE</u> ALHWITHER HJRA <u>DOL</u></span> — ''[she] missed [her] target'' → past singular 3rd person
[[En 08b Wodin and the Magy|8b. Wodin and the Magy]]
[[En 13i Along the Rhine|<u>R6b. Along the Rhine</u>]]
 
:[<nowiki/>[[109-110|109]]] <span class="fryas">SONT <u>WI</u> <u>SKÉNLAND</u> <u>MISTE</u>. SEND HJA NÉI THA BERGA GVNGEN</span> — ''we miss Skeanland'' → present plural 1st person
[<nowiki/>[[055|055]]] <span class="fryas">SVNDER ENKEL <u>MAN</u> TO <u>MISTANE</u></span> — ''missing [a] man'' → present participle
 
[[En 09a Kelta and Minerva|9a. The War of Kelta and Minerva]]
 
[<nowiki/>[[064|064]]] <span class="fryas">ÀND <u>KUNNATH HJA</u> <u>VS</u> WEL <u>MISTE</u></span> — ''they can miss us'' → infinitive
 
[<nowiki/>[[065|065]]] <span class="fryas">THACH <u>KÀLTA</u> <u>MISTE</u> ALHWITHER HJRA <u>DOL</u></span> — ''[she] missed [her] target'' → past singular 3rd person
 
[[En 13i Along the Rhine|13i. Apollania’s Journey]]
 
[<nowiki/>[[109|109]]] <span class="fryas">SONT <u>WI</u> <u>SKÉNLAND</u> <u>MISTE</u>. SEND HJA NÉI THA BERGA GVNGEN</span> — ''we miss Skeanland'' → present plural 1st person
 
== edits to improve consistency and readability ==
[<nowiki/>[[021]]] <span class="fryas">MISTE</span> → <span class="fryas">MISSA</span>
 
[<nowiki/>[[055]]] <span class="fryas">MISTANE</span> → <span class="fryas">MISSANE</span>
 
[<nowiki/>[[064]]] <span class="fryas">MISTE</span> → <span class="fryas">MISSA</span>


[<nowiki/>[[109]]] <span class="fryas">MISTE → MISSE</span>
== edits ==
* [<nowiki/>[[021-022|021]]] <span class="fryas">MISTE</span> → <span class="fryas">MISSA</span>
* [<nowiki/>[[055-056|055]]] <span class="fryas">MISTANE</span> → <span class="fryas">MISSANE</span>
* [<nowiki/>[[063-064|064]]] <span class="fryas">MISTE</span> → <span class="fryas">MISSA</span>
* [<nowiki/>[[109-110|109]]] <span class="fryas">MISTE → MISSE</span>


==discussion==
''[https://www.etymonline.com/word/mist Mist]'' (fog; Middle Low German, Dutch, Norwegian and Swedish: also ''mist''; Icelandic ''mistur'') might be related: clear sight is ''missed''.
[[Category:Word Studies]]
[[Category:Word Studies]]
[[Category:Grammar]]
[[Category:Grammar]]

Latest revision as of 09:17, 10 May 2026

The inflections of the verb to miss are striking because they do not correspond to the usual grammar of the texts, nor to the forms found in known Old Frisian dictionaries or other related languages.

For example:

  • infinitive is MISTE in two different texts where MISSA would be expected
  • present plural is used once (1st person), also as MISTE where MISSE or MISSA(TH) would be expected
  • present participle is used once as MISTANE where MISSANE or MISSANDE would be expected

The use of this verb is an argument against theories in which an alleged creator would have used Old Frisian dictionaries or existing known languages to concoct the Fryas language of the Oera Linda manuscript (with its great internal variety of spelling and grammar).

cognates

Note that a T is never used in the infinitive:

  • Dutch - missen  (also Middle Dutch)
  • German - missen (also Old German)
  • Frisian - misse (Old Frisian - missa)
  • English - miss (Old English - missan)
  • Norse - missa (also Old Norse)

fragments

Ec. Defense Laws

[021] SA MOT.I THA SJVGUNDE DÉI MISTEhe must miss [a] day → infinitive

F2. Minerva

[034] THA HJA SÁGON THÀT HJARA SKOT MIST HÉDE[the] shot had missed → perfect
[034] THÉRMITHA MISTON HJA HJARA DOLthey missed [the] target → past plural 3rd person

K2. Wodin

[055] SVNDER ENKEL MAN TO MISTANEmissing [a] man → present participle

L1a. Kelta and Minerva

[064] ÀND KUNNATH HJA VS WEL MISTEthey can miss us → infinitive
[065] THACH KÀLTA MISTE ALHWITHER HJRA DOL[she] missed [her] target → past singular 3rd person

R6b. Along the Rhine

[109] SONT WI SKÉNLAND MISTE. SEND HJA NÉI THA BERGA GVNGENwe miss Skeanland → present plural 1st person

edits

  • [021] MISTEMISSA
  • [055] MISTANEMISSANE
  • [064] MISTEMISSA
  • [109] MISTE → MISSE

discussion

Mist (fog; Middle Low German, Dutch, Norwegian and Swedish: also mist; Icelandic mistur) might be related: clear sight is missed.