Forana, Vronen: Difference between revisions

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    Forana was one of four burgs in [[West Fleeland]], in the time of [[Adela]]. It was located north of [[Alkmarum]], along the canal that was running from lake [[Alderga]] towards a mouth into the sea. In the times of [[Frethorik]], the burg was destroyed by water in what must have been a cataclysmic event.
    ''<big>This page will be revised and split in two, as the old burg Forana will not likely have been at the same location as where the later town Vronen was. The latter may have been named after the former though.</big>''


    The fragment of 19f. suggests that the burg Forana may have been located much closer to the North Sea coast, perhaps where now Egmond is, which would imply that also Al(i)kmarum may not have been located where now Alkmaar is (perhaps Alkemade?). What we know as (lost) Vronen was (also?) named Vronergeest. This may involve naming after an earlier lost place. See discussion at [[Alderga and Aldergamouth|Alderga(mouth)]].
     
    Forana was one of four burgs in [[West Fleeland]], in the time of [[Adela]]. It was located north of [[Alkmarum]], along the canal that was running from lake [[Alderga_and_Aldergamouth|Alderga]] towards a mouth into the sea.  In the times of [[Frethorik]], the burg was destroyed by water in what must have been a cataclysmic event.
     
    The fragment of '''Z-208.17''' suggests that the burg Forana may have been located much closer to the North Sea coast, perhaps where now Egmond is, which would imply that also Al(i)kmarum may not have been located where now Alkmaar is (perhaps Alkemade?). What we know as (lost) Vronen was (also?) named Vronergeest. This may involve naming after an earlier lost place. See discussion at [[Alderga and Aldergamouth|Alderga(mouth)]].


    ==Fragments==
    ==Fragments==
    [[File:Vroonen.jpg|thumb|reconstruced map of Vronen]]
    [[File:Vroonen.jpg|thumb|reconstruced map of Vronen]]
    [[En 01c Names of the Reeves|1c. Names of the Reeves]]
    [[EN005.08 Names|'''C-5.08''' Names of the Reeves]]


    :[<nowiki/>[[005]]] ''Enoch, Diwek’s man, reeve of West Fleeland and Texland, was chosen as sea king nine times. The Treasureburg, Medeasblik, Forana'' (<span class="fryas">FOR.ÁNA</span>)'', and Old Fryasburg are under his care.''
    :[<nowiki/>[[005]]] ''Enoch, Diwek’s man, reeve of West Fleeland and Texland, was chosen as sea king nine times. The Treasureburg, Medeasblik, Forana'' (<span class="fryas">FOR.ÁNA</span>)'', and Old Fryasburg are under his care.''


    [[En 13i Along the Rhine|13i. Apollania’s Journey]]
    [[EN108.28 Rhine|'''R6-108.28''' Apollania’s Journey]]


    :[<nowiki/>[[110]]-[[111]]] ''Behind the lake, a canal had been dug, which flowed past the burg Forana'' (<span class="fryas">FOR.ÁNA</span>)'', and further through a narrow mouth into the sea. (...) South of Forana'' (<span class="fryas">FOR.ÁNA</span>)'' lies Alkmarum. (...) The burgmaid of Forana'' (<span class="fryas">FOR.ÁNA</span>) ''told me that the burg lords visit them daily, (...)''
    :[<nowiki/>[[110]]-[[111]]] ''Behind the lake, a canal had been dug, which flowed past the burg Forana'' (<span class="fryas">FOR.ÁNA</span>)'', and further through a narrow mouth into the sea. (...) South of Forana'' (<span class="fryas">FOR.ÁNA</span>)'' lies Alkmarum. (...) The burgmaid of Forana'' (<span class="fryas">FOR.ÁNA</span>) ''told me that the burg lords visit them daily, (...)''
    [[En 14a Fryasland Swamped|14a. Fryasland Swamped]] (implicit mention)
    [[EN113.23 Grievances|'''S1-113.23''' Fryasland Swamped]] (implicit mention)
    :[<nowiki/>[[116]]] ''<u>The other burgs fared the same as ours</u>; in the highlands <u>they were crushed</u> by earth, <u>in the lowlands by water</u>. Only Fryasburg at Texland was found intact, but all the land that had lain northwards was under water and still has not been reclaimed.''
    :[<nowiki/>[[116]]] ''<u>The other burgs fared the same as ours</u>; in the highlands <u>they were crushed</u> by earth, <u>in the lowlands by water</u>. Only Fryasburg at Texland was found intact, but all the land that had lain northwards was under water and still has not been reclaimed.''
    [[En 14b The Black Men|14b. Gosa: Settlement of the Black Men]]
    [[EN117.20 Blacks|'''S1-117.20''' Gosa: Settlement of the Black Men]]


    : [<nowiki/>[[117]]] ''Ten years later, the steersmen of Forana'' (<span class="fryas">FOR.ANA</span>) ''and Lydasburg came to her.''
    : [<nowiki/>[[117]]] ''Ten years later, the steersmen of Forana'' (<span class="fryas">FOR.ANA</span>) ''and Lydasburg came to her.''


    [[En 19f Failure|19f. Askar’s Failure]]
    [[EN208.17 Temple|'''Z-208.17''' Askar’s Failure]]


    :[<nowiki/>[[210]]] ''Near Egmuda, where the burg Forana'' (<span class="fryas">FOR.ÁNA</span>) ''had once stood, they built a temple, even larger and richer than Askar had built at Staveren.''
    :[<nowiki/>[[210]]] ''Near Egmuda, where the burg Forana'' (<span class="fryas">FOR.ÁNA</span>) ''had once stood, they built a temple, even larger and richer than Askar had built at Staveren.''
    Line 54: Line 57:
    Dutch: 'aan 't hoofd' means the same as 'vooraan', which is the meaning of Vronen as suggested in Oera Linda.
    Dutch: 'aan 't hoofd' means the same as 'vooraan', which is the meaning of Vronen as suggested in Oera Linda.
    ==Sources ==
    ==Sources ==
    [[File:Ecce cadit.jpg|thumb|engraving about Vronen dated 1648]]
    {|
    |[[File:Location of destroyed Vronen 1303.jpg|thumb|Fragment from Beeldsnyder map of 1575 with former location of Vronen]]||[[File:Ecce cadit.jpg|thumb|engraving about Vronen dated 1648]]
    |}
    Forana can be related to [[wikipedia:Vronen|Vronen]] (sometimes: 'Verona', 'Vroongeest' a.o.), althouth their location may not have been exactly the same. Vronen was destroyed between 13 March 1303, known from other sources, such as:  
    Forana can be related to [[wikipedia:Vronen|Vronen]] (sometimes: 'Verona', 'Vroongeest' a.o.), althouth their location may not have been exactly the same. Vronen was destroyed between 13 March 1303, known from other sources, such as:  


    *1575 [https://hdl.handle.net/21.12102/FDED8014FB8E11DF9E4D523BC2E286E2 Kaart van Noord-Holland] door Joost Jansz. Bilhamer/Beeldsnyder (zie tekstkader).
    *1588 Junius [Latin [https://www.google.nl/books/edition/Batavia/EC88AAAAcAAJ PDF original], [https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/juni002bata01_01/index.php transcript dbnl]] ''Batavia'' (pp.284-286). [[1588 Batavia (NL vert. 2011)#Vronen|Dutch translation]]: ''Holland is een eiland'' ''- de Batavia van Hadrianus Junius (1511-1575)'', Inleiding, vertaling en annotatie door Nico de Glas (2011) uitg. Verloren.
    *1588 Junius [Latin [https://www.google.nl/books/edition/Batavia/EC88AAAAcAAJ PDF original], [https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/juni002bata01_01/index.php transcript dbnl]] ''Batavia'' (pp.284-286). [[1588 Batavia (NL vert. 2011)#Vronen|Dutch translation]]: ''Holland is een eiland'' ''- de Batavia van Hadrianus Junius (1511-1575)'', Inleiding, vertaling en annotatie door Nico de Glas (2011) uitg. Verloren.
    *1616 Goos [[https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/goos015nieu01_01/goos015nieu01_01.pdf transcript PDF]] ''Nieuw Nederlandtsch caertboeck'' (p.203)
    *1616 Goos [[https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/goos015nieu01_01/goos015nieu01_01.pdf transcript PDF]] ''Nieuw Nederlandtsch caertboeck'' (p.203)
    Line 65: Line 71:
    *1714 Simon Eikelenberg [[https://www.google.nl/books/edition/Gedaante_en_gesteldheid_van_Westvrieslan/4mzmvzM4oskC PDF]] ''Gedaante en gesteldheid van Westvriesland voor den jaare MCCC. En teffens den ondergang van het dorp Vroone''
    *1714 Simon Eikelenberg [[https://www.google.nl/books/edition/Gedaante_en_gesteldheid_van_Westvrieslan/4mzmvzM4oskC PDF]] ''Gedaante en gesteldheid van Westvriesland voor den jaare MCCC. En teffens den ondergang van het dorp Vroone''
    *1742 Scharlensem, Vlytarp, Stavriensem [[https://books.google.nl/books?id=GjZBAAAAcAAJ PDF]] ''Chronyk en waaragtige beschryvinge van Friesland'' (1297: p.131)
    *1742 Scharlensem, Vlytarp, Stavriensem [[https://books.google.nl/books?id=GjZBAAAAcAAJ PDF]] ''Chronyk en waaragtige beschryvinge van Friesland'' (1297: p.131)
    *1778 [https://noord-hollandsarchief.nl/beelden/beeldbank/detail/791FC6388FA04245AF76C44232C7CBE5 Vernieuwde kaart] van Noordholland en Westfriesland (...) Naar de caerte van Joost Jansz. Beeldsnyder (uit 1575).


    ==Archeology==
    ==Archeology==
    Line 112: Line 117:
    [[Category:Burgs]]  
    [[Category:Burgs]]  
    [[Category:West Fleeland]]
    [[Category:West Fleeland]]
    [[Category:Location Studies]]

    Latest revision as of 05:54, 24 August 2024

    This page will be revised and split in two, as the old burg Forana will not likely have been at the same location as where the later town Vronen was. The latter may have been named after the former though.


    Forana was one of four burgs in West Fleeland, in the time of Adela. It was located north of Alkmarum, along the canal that was running from lake Alderga towards a mouth into the sea. In the times of Frethorik, the burg was destroyed by water in what must have been a cataclysmic event.

    The fragment of Z-208.17 suggests that the burg Forana may have been located much closer to the North Sea coast, perhaps where now Egmond is, which would imply that also Al(i)kmarum may not have been located where now Alkmaar is (perhaps Alkemade?). What we know as (lost) Vronen was (also?) named Vronergeest. This may involve naming after an earlier lost place. See discussion at Alderga(mouth).

    Fragments

    reconstruced map of Vronen

    C-5.08 Names of the Reeves

    [005] Enoch, Diwek’s man, reeve of West Fleeland and Texland, was chosen as sea king nine times. The Treasureburg, Medeasblik, Forana (FOR.ÁNA), and Old Fryasburg are under his care.

    R6-108.28 Apollania’s Journey

    [110-111] Behind the lake, a canal had been dug, which flowed past the burg Forana (FOR.ÁNA), and further through a narrow mouth into the sea. (...) South of Forana (FOR.ÁNA) lies Alkmarum. (...) The burgmaid of Forana (FOR.ÁNA) told me that the burg lords visit them daily, (...)

    S1-113.23 Fryasland Swamped (implicit mention)

    [116] The other burgs fared the same as ours; in the highlands they were crushed by earth, in the lowlands by water. Only Fryasburg at Texland was found intact, but all the land that had lain northwards was under water and still has not been reclaimed.

    S1-117.20 Gosa: Settlement of the Black Men

    [117] Ten years later, the steersmen of Forana (FOR.ANA) and Lydasburg came to her.

    Z-208.17 Askar’s Failure

    [210] Near Egmuda, where the burg Forana (FOR.ÁNA) had once stood, they built a temple, even larger and richer than Askar had built at Staveren.

    Meaning

    The name Forana means 'in front' (Dutch: 'vooraan'). In the texts it is used in this meaning:

    [023] THACH THÉR MOTON ÀMMERTHE THRÉ BURCH.HÉRA FON THERE MODER FÔR.ANA SITTA SVNDER STEM.
    but there must always be three burg lords of the mother present, sitting in front, with no vote in the matter.
    [025] BY THA FÉSTUM ACHON HJA FORÁNA TO SITTANA. TILTHJU THA JÜGED SKIL ÉRA HJAM.
    At feasts, they must sit in the front so that the youth may honor them

    The word FRÁN (pious, sacred, divine) and the name FRÁNA may have been derived from FORÁNA.

    Note: Junius (1588) 'Batavia', on p.285 quotes lines about Vronen from a poem by Willem Hermans van Gouda, a friend of Erasmus (emphasis added):

    Quos prisci Frisios olim dixere minores,
    Arctoѳ à Fleuo, pelagiq́ue venitis ab ora,
    Tum vobis Verona caput, nunc campus et arua.
    [...]
    Frisijs, si quando bella vocabunt,
    Dux Verona fuit, ac tantae gloria gentis.

    Translated into Dutch (2011, de Glas):

    ... Gij West-Friezen die lang geleden Klein-Friezen heetten
    Mensen van onze kust en uit noordelijk Flevum gekomen,
    Vronen was toen uw stad. Nu zijn daar slechts ledige velden.
    En verder:
    Als voor de Friezen het sein weer klonk om de wapens te grijpen
    Dan stond Vronen aan 't hoofd, Vronen de glorie des volks.

    The Dutch translation of the emphasized fragment, in English: Then Vronen stood in front.

    Dutch: 'aan 't hoofd' means the same as 'vooraan', which is the meaning of Vronen as suggested in Oera Linda.

    Sources

    Fragment from Beeldsnyder map of 1575 with former location of Vronen
    engraving about Vronen dated 1648

    Forana can be related to Vronen (sometimes: 'Verona', 'Vroongeest' a.o.), althouth their location may not have been exactly the same. Vronen was destroyed between 13 March 1303, known from other sources, such as:

    • 1575 Kaart van Noord-Holland door Joost Jansz. Bilhamer/Beeldsnyder (zie tekstkader).
    • 1588 Junius [Latin PDF original, transcript dbnl] Batavia (pp.284-286). Dutch translation: Holland is een eiland - de Batavia van Hadrianus Junius (1511-1575), Inleiding, vertaling en annotatie door Nico de Glas (2011) uitg. Verloren.
    • 1616 Goos [transcript PDF] Nieuw Nederlandtsch caertboeck (p.203)
    • 1648 Persijn, Volckersz [link] engraving: Klok en zegel van Vroonen onder een kruis met opschrift eCCe CadIt Mater frIsIae; text: Van't Innemen ende Destructie der Stadt Vroonen
    • 1658 Schotanus [vol.1] De geschiedenissen kerckelyck ende wereldtlyck van Friesland oost ende west (p.151)
    • 1702 Soeteboom [PDF reissue? orig. 1661] Vroonens begin, midden en eynde
    • 1702 Soeteboom [vol. 1, vol. 2] Oudheden van Zaanland Stavoren Vronen & Waterland
    • 1714 Simon Eikelenberg [PDF] Gedaante en gesteldheid van Westvriesland voor den jaare MCCC. En teffens den ondergang van het dorp Vroone
    • 1742 Scharlensem, Vlytarp, Stavriensem [PDF] Chronyk en waaragtige beschryvinge van Friesland (1297: p.131)

    Archeology

    skull of young woman, probably a victim of the 1303 massacre by English troups that were hired by count Jan van Henegouwen (Junius [284], Dutch translation p.353), found 1991 at former Vronen graveyard, now Sint Pancras
    • G. Alders, C. van der Linde (2011) Het Vroner Kerkhof te Sint-Pancras [PDF]
    • F. Diederik (6-12-2011) Vronen: omstreden gebied tussen Holland en West-Friesland [link]
    • De geschiedenis van Sint Pancras [link]
    • NOS Nieuws (25-11-2011) Resten van Slag bij Vronen ontdekt [video 1:27 min.]
    • SchoolTV (15-6-2017) De slag bij Vronen [video 4:37 min] (fragment from Onzichtbaar Nederland - ep. 8 Veiligheid, 5-1-2017)
    • 3D model of skull in collection Huis van Hilde [link]

    Lantern

    ship lantern, second half of 17th century, height 340 cm, diameter 118 cm (134 x 46.5 inches): 'foddik'?

    2011 G. Alders, C. van der Linde: Het Vroner Kerkhof te Sint-Pancras

    3.2.7 Waarnemingen in het verleden

    In een tekst uit 1514-1524 werd vermeld dat er een enorm grote steen was opgegraven en na 1620 werd er gegraven op de plek van het oude kerkhof, waarbij veel menselijke resten, grote bakstenen, vier tufstenen doodskisten, 60 ton tufsteen en een lantaarnvormige relikwiehouder te voorschijn kwamen.

    3.6.4 Historische gegevens en oudere waarnemingen betreffende het kerkhofterrein zelf

    Volgens Soeteboom werd het kerkhof van Vronen in 1620 door de grafelijkheid verkocht, waarna uit de fundamenten van de kerk 60 ton tufsteen en veel andere bijzondere stenen werden verwijderd. De tufsteen alleen al zal tussen de 40 en 90 m3 hebben omvat.[131] Tevens werden er kisten van steen gevonden waar nog mensenbeenderen in lagen. Het lag vol schenkels en bekkens die nog sterk, glad en vers waren, vooral enige hoofden, waar zelfs de tanden nog in stonden. Ook werd een oude lantaarn met mensenbotten gevonden.[132] De beenderen die zich in deze grote lantaarn bevonden, waren volgens Soeteboom mogelijk enige relikwieën van bijzondere heiligen.[133] In dat geval moet de lantaarn een reliekhouder zijn geweest.

    - - - noten:

    • 131 Een ton was ofwel 1,5 m3 ofwel 2000 pond (een pond was tussen de 430 en 494 gram). Er is dus hetzij 90 m3 steen, hetzij tussen de 51.600 en 59.280 kg steen verwijderd (zie voor de maten: Verhoeff 1983). Het soortelijk gewicht van Römer tufsteen is circa 1500 kg per m3, zodat de 90 m3 135.000 kg moet hebben gewogen. Omgekeerd zou een hoeveelheid van 59.280 kg een omvang van bijna 40 m3 hebben bezeten. De hoeveelheid bedroeg dus tussen de 40 en 90 m3. Dit komt min of meer overeen met een maximale muuromtrek van bijvoorbeeld een kerkje van 60 meter bij een muurdikte van 1 meter en een resterende funderingsdiepte van 1,5 meter.
    • 132 Soeteboom 1661, (moet zijn:) 183.
    • 133 Soeteboom 1661, (moet zijn:) 184-185.

    1661 Soeteboom: Vroonens begin, midden en eynde (=> helemaal lezen)

    [183] "zy vonden ook in 't delven een oude Lanteerne met dooden geraamten, vol van Schenkels en Bekkenlen, die nog sterk, glad en versch waren: in [184] 't besonder warender eenige hoofden van grooter versheyd in 't aansien, en vastigheid daar nevens, so dat de tanden nog gaaf in de hoofden stonden, even offe slecht tien ofte twaalf jaren dood hadden geweest, tot verwonderinge van vele Menschen die het sagen, en wy het selve hier mede te borde brengen, en sulkx was ook om te verwonderen, dewyl het vry wat meer dan driehondert jaren geleden most wesen, dat de dooden daar in geset zyn, mits de Stad 355 jaren in het jaar 1658 verdorven is [i.e. 1303], en staat te vermoeden van nog vry wat langer (...); maar de beenderen tot Vroonen gevonden in een grote Lanteerne, [185] is mogelijk geweest eenige Reliquien van besondere Heyligen, die gemeenlykx in Lantarens en achter Glasen bewaart worden in de Kerken en Kloosters, ofte het mach ook wel een gedeelte der beenderen geweest zyn van de elf duysent Maagden, die tevoren tot Vroonen gevaren waren, (...)"

    In Oera Linda, lanterns with perpetual flames were sacred symbols. The name used for them was FODDIK (see word study).

    Canal

    Regarding the fragment of ch.13i it is noteworthy that a canal was mentioned by:

    • 1588 Junius (p.285-286): "id quod de hac nostrate Veronâ probabiliter dicitur, quod istud emporium fuerit alueo fluentillius, quod Caninefatium terga claudebat è Rheno productum, & praeterlabens Crabbedamum in mare decurrebat; ostenditurq. etiamnú apud Veronenses campos alueus decliuiore solo, vbi ostiú & aditus portûs fuerit è mari appellentibus nauibus." (transl. Glas: Waarschijnlijk gaat het hier om ons Verona, omdat het aan de rivier lag die de Noordgrens vormt van het Caninefatenland. Die kwam van de Rijn en stroomde langs Krabbedam naar zee. Nog steeds wijst men in een laag gelegen deel van de Vronergeest op een rivierbedding, waar de monding en toegang tot de haven is geweest voor schepen die van zee kwamen.)
    • 1648 Volckersz (col.1): "Dese Coopstadt is seer bequaem gelegen geweest by een Canael / de welcke uyt den Rhijn comende / en voorby Crabbendam nederwaerts loopende / het uytterste van Kennemerlant afsloot / waer van noch by die Vroonsche landen gesien wort een afloopende stroom / alwaer die mont en ingangh van de Haven geweest is / voor de aencomende Schepen uyt der Zee tot binnen der Stadt Vroon / aen't Marct-velt: welcke plaetse noch op desen dagh den naem van't Marct-velt behouden heeft."
    • 1658 Schotanus (p.152), referring to Junius (1588): "Hij seght dat een water / ingaende ofte uytwaterende by Crabbedam / een haven hebbe gehadt aen de Stadt Vrolen."