WÉSA
WÉSA (var.: WÉSANE, WÉSANDE) is the infinitive 'to be' (Dutch/German: zijn/sein), sometimes shortened to SA (like HA is sometimes short for HÀVA).
The negative form is NÉSA (to not be) with inflections NIS (is not), NAS (was not) and NÉR/NÉRE/NÉRON (were not).
A) present
1) first person
a) singular
Fryas | English | Dutch | German | Danish | Norse | Swedish | Icelandic |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IK BEN/BIN | I am | ik ben | ich bin | jeg er | jeg er | jag är | ég er |
b) plural
Fryas | English | Dutch | German | Danish | Norse | Swedish | Icelandic |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WI/WY SEND | we are | we/wij zijn | wir sind | vi er | vi er | vi är | við erum |
2) second person
a) singular/plural
Fryas | English | Dutch | German | Danish | Norse | Swedish | Icelandic |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(THV/I/JOW) BIST(E)*
(only plur.: JY SEND) |
you are | sing.: je/U bent
plur.: jullie zijn/U bent |
sing.: du bist/Sie sind
plur.: ihr seid/Sie sind |
du er | du er | du är | Þú ert |
*BISTE when ending subordinate clause; see fragments [034/15], [083/10] and [118/10].
3) third person
a) singular
Fryas | English | Dutch | German | Danish | Norse | Swedish | Icelandic |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ER,HI/HJU/ET IS | he/she/it is | hij/zij/het is | er/sie/es ist | han/hun/det er | han/hun/det er | han/hon/det är | hann/hún/Það er |
b) plural
Fryas | English | Dutch | German | Danish | Norse | Swedish | Icelandic |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HJA SEND/SIND | they are | ze/zij zijn | sie sind | de er | de er | dom är | þeir eru |
B) past
1) first person
a) singular
Fryas | English | Dutch | German | Danish | Norse | Swedish | Icelandic |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IK WAS/WÉRE | I was | ik was | ich war | jeg var | jeg var | jag var | ég var |
b) plural
Fryas | English | Dutch | German | Danish | Norse | Swedish | Icelandic |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WI/WY WÉRON/WÉRE[1] | we were | we/wij waren | wir waren | vi var | vi var | vi var | við vorum |
2) second person
Not found in any of the texts, but would probably have been like first person.
3) third person
a) singular
Fryas | English | Dutch | German | Danish | Norse | Swedish | Icelandic |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ER,HI/HJU/ET WAS/WÉR(E) | he/she/it was | hij/zij/het was | er/sie/es war | han/hun/det var | han/hun/det var | han/hon/det var | hann/hún/Það var |
b) plural
Fryas | English | Dutch | German | Danish | Norse | Swedish | Icelandic |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HJA WÉRON/WÉRE | they were | ze/zij waren | sie waren | de var | de var | dom var | þeir voru |
C) perfect
Fryas | English | Dutch | German | Danish | Norse | Swedish | Icelandic |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WÉSEN/WÉST | been | geweest | gewesen | været | vært | varit | verið |
fragments
A1a) first person, present, singular
4c. Useful Precedents
- [029/30] IK BIN ALD - ik ben oud - ich bin alt - I am old
4d. About Laws
- [031/10] BIN.IK VRTJÛGAD* - ben ik overtuigd - bin ich überzeugt - am I convinved ('over-tied')
*VR.TJÛGATH from TÉJA (to pull, tie, weave, tow)
4f. Minerva
- [033/30] ALSA BEN.IK É.LIK - alzo ben ik gelijk ('water-lijk') - also bin ich gleich ('wasser-gleich') - then am I equal ('water-like')
- [034/30] BIN IK IN FRYA.S THJANEST - ben ik in Frya's dienst - bin ich in Frya's Dienst - am I in Frya's service
13f. Primal Teachings 2
- [102/15] NI SEDSA IK BEN. MEN WEL IK WAS - niet zeggen ik ben, maar wel ik was - nicht sagen ich bin, aber wohl ich was - not say I am, but well I was
- [102/25] THAHWILA.R SÉID IK BEN - terwijl hij zegt ik ben - daweile er sagt ich bin - while he says I am
- [103/01] IK BEN. IEFTHA WEL. IK BEN THET BESTE DÉL - ik ben, oftewel, ik ben het beste deel - ich bin, oder wohl, ich bin der beste Teil - I am, or well, I am the best deal/part
14a. Fryasland Swamped
- [113/25] BIN IK TO ASGA KÉREN - ben ik tot Asga gekozen - bin ich zu Asga gewählt - ...
14e. Demetrius and Friso
- [130/10] THACH BEN IK ALSA HERDE FRYA.S
15a. Wilyo
- [133/20] IK BEN THA FÁM
16a. Canals and Dykes
- [143/05] BEN IK TO SINA FOLGAR KÉREN
16f. Panj-ab Report
- [167/10] HWÉR IK BERN BEN
A1b) first person, present, plural
B. Liko Ovira Linda
- [00b/10] THAT WI HJARA GRÁTESTE FJANDA SEND
1b. Adela’s Advice
- [004/30] HO GRAT WI JETA SEND
4c. Useful Precedents
- [031/01] THAT WI ANGE SEND
4e. Eawa
- [033/10] DÁHWILA WI TO DVANDE SEND
4f. Minerva
- [035/15] WI ALLE SEND TO DVANDE
8b. Wodin and the Magus
- [054] WI SEND SKELDICH
13f. Primal Teachings 2
- [101/30] ALSA SEND WY EN DÉL
14d. Alexander the King
- [121/05] THÉRVMBE SEND WI FVL ÉRBIDENESE ... WY SEND FRY BERN FRYA.S BERN
16a. Canals and Dykes
- [144/01] HJUD DÉGUM SEND WI TO DVANDE
16b. Friso: Alliances
- [149/10] WI ALLE SEND FISKAR AND JUTTAR
19a. Askar Prepares for War
- [197/20] SEND WI IN ALLE DÉLA OFNED
A2a/b) second person, present, singular/plural
4f. Minerva
- [034/15] AS THV THÀN NÉN THJONSTER NE BISTE
8b. Wodin and the Magus
- [054/20] THV BIST THENE WIGANDLIKSTE KÀNING JRTHA.S
8d. Tunis and the Tyrians
- [059/05] THV BIST FÉR.HÉMANDA SWÀRVAR (plur.!)
9c. Kelta and the Gools
- [067/15] THV BIST FRY.BERN ÀND VMBE LITHA LÉKA
9d. Jon and Minerva Resettle
- [071/01] HO BIST WEL AN THINA SLÁVONA KVMEN (plur.?)
11b. Death of Frana
- [083/10] FRÁNA VRMITES I KLÁR.SJANDE BISTE
13g. The Unsociable Man
- [104/01] BIST EN ÀFTE FRYA.S
- [106/01] BIST ÀRG BÁT.SJOCHTIG
14b. Expulsion of the Black Men
- [118/10] ALOND JOW WÀLDICH BISTE (plur.?)
16e. Purity of Language
- [161/05] BIST THV ALSA GÍRICH (plur.?)
18. Rika: Title Theft
- [189/05] ALSA JY MÉNE SEND JY VNSKELDICH AN OFGODJE (plur.)
- [192/20] THÀT JY THÉR WILLENS SKILDECH AN SEND (plur.)
B1b) first person, past, plural
9e. The Geartmen Move to Panj-ab
- [073/15] THAHWILA WY MITH ALLE MANNUM VPPA WALLUM TO STRIDANDE WÉRON
14e. Demetrius and Friso
- [128/05] WI WÉRON TO LÉDEN MITH LIFTOCHTUM ÀND ORLOCH.TUCH
- [128/20] THAHWILA WI THÉRMITHA AL DVANDE WÉRON
- [129/05] AS WI NW ARHALF KETTENG FON RA OF WÉRE BIGOSTON THA PHONISJAR TO SKIATA
15a. Wilyo from the Saxonmarks
- [133/25] THAT WI ALLE BÉDE FON A.DEL.A HIS FOLK WÉRON
Notes
- ↑ WÉRON was found 4 times, WÉRE 1 time.