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First person plural

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Revision as of 14:12, 20 October 2023 by Jan (talk | contribs) (add more)

The pronoun of first person plural is WI (184x) or WY (26x).

Conjugation seems to be the same as for third person plural, but this has not been studied yet.

List of verbs that are used more than once (in Oera Linda) in first person plural:

verb (inf.) transl. total present past
HÀVA, NÀVA (not) have 48 23 25
WÉSA be 27 22 5
WILLA, NILLA (not) will, wish 24 13 11
MÜGA may 19 14 5
SKILA* shall 18 10 8
KVMA come 15 5 10
MOTA must 8 4 4
AGA ought 4 4 0
WINNA win 3 2 1
go 3 0 3
WRDA become 3 0 3
DVA do 2 1 1
LEDSA lay, lie 2 1 1
KUNNA can 2 0 2
SJA see 2 0 2

(* Infinitive SKILA is a reconstruction, not found anywhere in the texts.)

Chapters with most use of first person plural are:

  1. 48x: 14d Alexander (26x) and 14e Demetrius and Friso (22x)
  2. 15x: 9d Jon and Minerva
  3. 11x: 4f Minerva
  4. 10x: 7a Before Bad Times
  5. 10x: 13f Teachings 2

Conjugation

Present

  • Irregular: WÉSAWI SEND (En: we are, Ge: wir sind, Du: wij zijn)
  • 25x -ATH: WILLATH (13, incl. 1 NILLATH) HÀVATH (6 incl. 3 NÀVATH), KVMATH (2), LEDSATH, MÜGATH, RÉKENJATH, WINSTATH (all 1)
  • 21x -ON: HÀVON (7), MÜGON (6), AGON (4), MOTON (4)
  • 18x -E: HÀVE (9 incl. 1 NÀVE), MÜGE (6), KVME, SKILE, STÁNE (all 1)
  • 17x -A: KVMA (2), WINNA (2), VRDVA, FÁTA, FINDA, FÍRJA, HÀVA, HELPA, VPHOLDA, KÀLTA, MÁKJA, MÜGA, REDDA, SNAKKA, THVRA, WINNA (all 1)
  • 9x -UN: only SKILUN

In-verb variety

The most frequent verb (23x) HÀVA has four varieties:

  • 9x HÀVE (incl. 1 negative in ch. 16b)
  • 7x HÀVON
  • 6x HÀVATH (incl. 3 negative in ch. 16b-c)
  • 1x HÀVA (ch. 2g)

MÜGA (14x):

  • 6x MÜGE
  • 6x MÜGON
  • 1x MÜGATH (ch. 14f)
  • 1x MÜGA (ch. 6)

SKILA (10x):

  • 9x SKILUN
  • 1x SKILE (ch. 4f, which also has 4x SKILUN)

KVMA (5x):

  • 2x KVMA (ch. 16f)
  • 2x KVMATH (ch. 14c-d)
  • 1x KVME (ch. 4c)

There are not enough data yet to distinguish changes in conjugation from older to younger texts.

Past