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WÉSA: Difference between revisions

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NÉR/NÉRE/NÉRON (were not)
→b) plural: add and Fryas font
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WÉSA (var.: WÉSANE, WÉSANDE) is the infinitive 'to be' (Dutch/German: zijn/sein).
<span class="fryas">WÉSA</span> (var.: <span class="fryas">WÉSANE, WÉSANDE</span>) is the infinitive 'to be' (Dutch/German: zijn/sein).


The negative form is NÉSA (to not be) with inflections NIS (is not), NAS (was not) and NÉR/NÉRE/NÉRON (were not).
The negative form is <span class="fryas">NÉSA</span> (to not be) with inflections <span class="fryas">NIS</span> (is not), <span class="fryas">NAS</span> (was not) and <span class="fryas">NÉR/NÉRE/NÉRON</span> (were not).


==A) present==
==A) present==
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! Fryas || English || Dutch || German || Danish || Norse || Swedish || Icelandic
! Fryas || English || Dutch || German || Danish || Norse || Swedish || Icelandic
|-
|-
| IK BEN/BIN || I am || ik ben || ich bin || jeg er || jeg er || jag är || ég er
| <span class="fryas">IK BEN/BIN</span> || I am || ik ben || ich bin || jeg er || jeg er || jag är || ég er
|}
|}


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! Fryas || English || Dutch || German || Danish || Norse || Swedish || Icelandic
! Fryas || English || Dutch || German || Danish || Norse || Swedish || Icelandic
|-
|-
| WI/WY SEND || we are || we/wij zijn || wir sind || vi er || vi er || vi är || við erum
| <span class="fryas">WI/WY SEND</span> || we are || we/wij zijn || wir sind || vi er || vi er || vi är || við erum
|}
|}


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! Fryas || English || Dutch || German || Danish || Norse || Swedish || Icelandic
! Fryas || English || Dutch || German || Danish || Norse || Swedish || Icelandic
|-
|-
| (THV/I/JOW) BIST(E)*
| <span class="fryas">(THV/I/JOW) BIST(E)</span>*
(only plur.: JY SEND)
(only plur.: <span class="fryas">JY SEND</span>)
| you are || sing.: je/U bent
| you are || sing.: je/U bent
plur.: jullie zijn/U bent
plur.: jullie zijn/U bent
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| du er || du er || du är || Þú ert
| du er || du er || du är || Þú ert
|}
|}
<nowiki>*</nowiki>BISTE when at the end of (sub-) sentence (what is grammatical term?); see fragments [034/15], [083/10] and [118/10].
<nowiki>*</nowiki><span class="fryas">BISTE</span> when at the end of (sub-) sentence (what is grammatical term?); see fragments [034/15], [083/10] and [118/10].


==B) past==
==B) past==
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! Fryas || English || Dutch || German || Danish || Norse || Swedish || Icelandic
! Fryas || English || Dutch || German || Danish || Norse || Swedish || Icelandic
|-
|-
| IK || I was || ik was || ich war || jeg var || jeg var || jag var || ég var
| <span class="fryas">IK</span> || I was || ik was || ich war || jeg var || jeg var || jag var || ég var
|}
|}


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! Fryas || English || Dutch || German || Danish || Norse || Swedish || Icelandic
! Fryas || English || Dutch || German || Danish || Norse || Swedish || Icelandic
|-
|-
| WI/WY || we were || we/wij waren || wir waren || vi var || vi var || vi var || við vorum
| <span class="fryas">WI/WY WÉRON/WÉRE</span><ref><span class="fryas">WÉRON</span> was found 4 times, <span class="fryas">WÉRE</span> 1 time.</ref>|| we were || we/wij waren || wir waren || vi var || vi var || vi var || við vorum
|}
|}


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* [192/20] THÀT <u>JY</u> THÉR WILLENS SKILDECH AN <u>SEND</u> (plur.)
* [192/20] THÀT <u>JY</u> THÉR WILLENS SKILDECH AN <u>SEND</u> (plur.)
==Notes==
<references />


[[Category:Word Studies]]
[[Category:Word Studies]]
[[Category:Grammar]]
[[Category:Grammar]]

Revision as of 17:32, 18 October 2023

WÉSA (var.: WÉSANE, WÉSANDE) is the infinitive 'to be' (Dutch/German: zijn/sein).

The negative form is NÉSA (to not be) with inflections NIS (is not), NAS (was not) and NÉR/NÉRE/NÉRON (were not).

A) present

1) first person

a) singular

Fryas English Dutch German Danish Norse Swedish Icelandic
IK BEN/BIN I am ik ben ich bin jeg er jeg er jag är ég er

b) plural

Fryas English Dutch German Danish Norse Swedish Icelandic
WI/WY SEND we are we/wij zijn wir sind vi er vi er vi är við erum

2) second person

a) singular/plural

Fryas English Dutch German Danish Norse Swedish Icelandic
(THV/I/JOW) BIST(E)*

(only plur.: JY SEND)

you are sing.: je/U bent

plur.: jullie zijn/U bent

sing.: du bist/Sie sind

plur.: ihr seid/Sie sind

du er du er du är Þú ert

*BISTE when at the end of (sub-) sentence (what is grammatical term?); see fragments [034/15], [083/10] and [118/10].

B) past

1) first person

a) singular

Fryas English Dutch German Danish Norse Swedish Icelandic
IK I was ik was ich war jeg var jeg var jag var ég var

b) plural

Fryas English Dutch German Danish Norse Swedish Icelandic
WI/WY WÉRON/WÉRE[1] we were we/wij waren wir waren vi var vi var vi var við vorum


C) perfect

fragments

A1a) first person, present, singular

4c. Useful Precedents

  • [029/30] IK BIN ALD - ik ben oud - ich bin alt - I am old

4d. About Laws

  • [031/10] BIN.IK VRTJÛGAD* - ben ik overtuigd - bin ich überzeugt - am I convinved ('over-tied')

*VR.TJÛGATH from TÉJA (to pull, tie, weave, tow) 4f. Minerva

  • [033/30] ALSA BEN.IK É.LIK - alzo ben ik gelijk ('water-lijk') - also bin ich gleich ('wasser-gleich') - then am I equal ('water-like')
  • [034/30] BIN IK IN FRYA.S THJANEST - ben ik in Frya's dienst - bin ich in Frya's Dienst - am I in Frya's service

13f. Primal Teachings 2

  • [102/15] NI SEDSA IK BEN. MEN WEL IK WAS - niet zeggen ik ben, maar wel ik was - nicht sagen ich bin, aber wohl ich was - not say I am, but well I was
  • [102/25] THAHWILA.R SÉID IK BEN - terwijl hij zegt ik ben - daweile er sagt ich bin - while he says I am
  • [103/01] IK BEN. IEFTHA WEL. IK BEN THET BESTE DÉL - ik ben, oftewel, ik ben het beste deel - ich bin, oder wohl, ich bin der beste Teil - I am, or well, I am the best deal/part

14a. Fryasland Swamped

  • [113/25] BIN IK TO ASGA KÉREN - ben ik tot Asga gekozen - bin ich zu Asga gewählt - ...

14e. Demetrius and Friso

  • [130/10] THACH BEN IK ALSA HERDE FRYA.S

15a. Wilyo

  • [133/20] IK BEN THA [25] FÁM

16a. Canals and Dykes

  • [143/05] BEN IK TO SINA FOLGAR KÉREN

16f. Panj-ab Report

  • [167/10] HWÉR IK BERN BEN

A1b) first person, present, plural

B. Liko Ovira Linda

  • [00b/10] THAT WI HJARA GRÁTESTE FJANDA SEND

1b. Adela’s Advice

  • [004/30] HO GRAT WI JETA SEND

4c. Useful Precedents

  • [031/01] THAT WI ANGE SEND

4e. Eawa

  • [033/10] DÁHWILA WI [15] TO DVANDE SEND

4f. Minerva

  • [035/15] WI ALLE SEND TO DVANDE

8b. Wodin and the Magus

  • [054] WI SEND SKELDICH

13f. Primal Teachings 2

  • [101/30] ALSA SEND WY EN DÉL

14d. Alexander the King

  • [121/05] THÉRVMBE SEND WI FVL ÉRBIDENESE ... WY SEND FRY BERN FRYA.S BERN

16a. Canals and Dykes

  • [144/01] HJUD DÉGUM SEND WI TO DVANDE

16b. Friso: Alliances

  • [149/10] WI ALLE SEND FISKAR AND JUTTAR

19a. Askar Prepares for War

  • [197/20] SEND WI IN ALLE DÉLA OFNED

A2a/b) second person, present, singular/plural

4f. Minerva

  • [034/15] AS THV THÀN NÉN THJONSTER NE BISTE

8b. Wodin and the Magus

  • [054/20] THV BIST THENE WIGANDLIKSTE KÀNING JRTHA.S

8d. Tunis and the Tyrians

  • [059/05] THV BIST FÉR.HÉMANDA SWÀRVAR (plur.!)

9c. Kelta and the Gools

  • [067/15] THV BIST FRY.BERN ÀND VMBE LITHA LÉKA

9d. Jon and Minerva Resettle

  • [071/01] HO BIST WEL AN THINA SLÁVONA KVMEN (plur.?)

11b. Death of Frana

  • [083/10] FRÁNA VRMITES I KLÁR.SJANDE [15] BISTE

13g. The Unsociable Man

  • [104/01] BIST EN ÀFTE FRYA.S.
  • [106/01] BIST ÀRG BÁT.SJOCHTIG

14b. Expulsion of the Black Men

  • [118/10] ALOND JOW WÀLDICH BISTE (plur.?)

16e. Purity of Language

  • [161/05] BIST THV ALSA GÍRICH (plur.?)

18. Rika: Title Theft

  • [189/05] ALSA JY MÉNE SEND JY VNSKELDICH AN OFGODJE (plur.)
  • [192/20] THÀT JY THÉR WILLENS SKILDECH AN SEND (plur.)

Notes

  1. ↑ WÉRON was found 4 times, WÉRE 1 time.
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