WÉSA: Difference between revisions
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! Fryas || English || Dutch || German || Danish || Norse || Swedish || Icelandic | ! Fryas || English || Dutch || German || Danish || Norse || Swedish || Icelandic | ||
|- | |- | ||
| THV/I/JOW BIST(E) | | (THV/I/JOW) BIST(E)* | ||
(only plur.: JY SEND) | |||
| you are || sing.: je/U bent | |||
plur.: jullie zijn/U bent | |||
| sing.: du bist/Sie sind | |||
plur.: ihr seid/Sie sind | |||
| du er || du er || du är || Þú ert | |||
|} | |} | ||
<nowiki>*</nowiki>BISTE when at the end of (sub-) sentence (what is grammatical term?); see fragments [034/15], [083/10] and [118/10]. | |||
==B) past== | ==B) past== | ||
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===A1a) first person, present, singular=== | ===A1a) first person, present, singular=== | ||
4c. Useful Precedents | 4c. Useful Precedents | ||
*[029/30] IK BIN ALD - ik ben oud - ich bin alt - I am old | *[029/30] <u>IK BIN</u> ALD - ik ben oud - ich bin alt - I am old | ||
4d. About Laws | 4d. About Laws | ||
*[031/10] BIN.IK VRTJÛGAD - ben ik overtuigd - bin ich überzeugt - am I convinved ('over-tied') | *[031/10] <u>BIN.IK</u> ''VRTJÛGAD*'' - ben ik overtuigd - bin ich überzeugt - am I convinved ('over-tied') | ||
*VR.''TJÛGATH'' from TÉJA (to pull, tie, weave, tow) | <nowiki>*</nowiki>VR.''TJÛGATH'' from TÉJA (to pull, tie, weave, tow) | ||
4f. Minerva | 4f. Minerva | ||
*[033/30] ALSA BEN.IK É.LIK - alzo ben ik gelijk ('water-lijk') - also bin ich gleich ('wasser-gleich') - then am I equal ('water-like') | *[033/30] ALSA <u>BEN.IK</u> É.LIK - alzo ben ik gelijk ('water-lijk') - also bin ich gleich ('wasser-gleich') - then am I equal ('water-like') | ||
*[034/30] BIN IK IN FRYA.S THJANEST - ben ik in Frya's dienst - bin ich in Frya's Dienst - am I in Frya's service | *[034/30] <u>BIN IK</u> IN FRYA.S THJANEST - ben ik in Frya's dienst - bin ich in Frya's Dienst - am I in Frya's service | ||
13f. Primal Teachings 2 | 13f. Primal Teachings 2 | ||
*[102/15] NI SEDSA IK BEN. MEN WEL IK WAS - niet zeggen ik ben, maar wel ik was - nicht sagen ich bin, aber wohl ich was - not say I am, but well I was | *[102/15] NI SEDSA <u>IK BEN</u>. MEN WEL IK WAS - niet zeggen ik ben, maar wel ik was - nicht sagen ich bin, aber wohl ich was - not say I am, but well I was | ||
*[102/25] THAHWILA.R SÉID IK BEN - terwijl hij zegt ik ben - daweile er sagt ich bin - while he says I am | *[102/25] THAHWILA.R SÉID <u>IK BEN</u> - terwijl hij zegt ik ben - daweile er sagt ich bin - while he says I am | ||
*[103/01] IK BEN. IEFTHA WEL. IK BEN THET BESTE DÉL - ik ben, oftewel, ik ben het beste deel - ich bin, oder wohl, ich bin der beste Teil - I am, or well, I am the best deal/part | *[103/01] <u>IK BEN</u>. IEFTHA WEL. <u>IK BEN</u> THET BESTE DÉL - ik ben, oftewel, ik ben het beste deel - ich bin, oder wohl, ich bin der beste Teil - I am, or well, I am the best deal/part | ||
14a. Fryasland Swamped | 14a. Fryasland Swamped | ||
*[113/25] BIN IK TO ASGA KÉREN - ben ik tot Asga gekozen - bin ich zu Asga gewählt - ... | *[113/25] <u>BIN IK</u> TO ASGA ''KÉREN'' - ben ik tot Asga gekozen - bin ich zu Asga gewählt - ... | ||
14e. Demetrius and Friso | 14e. Demetrius and Friso | ||
*[130/10] THACH BEN IK ALSA HERDE FRYA.S | *[130/10] THACH <u>BEN IK</u> ALSA HERDE FRYA.S | ||
15a. Wilyo | 15a. Wilyo | ||
*[133/20] IK BEN THA [25] FÁM | *[133/20] <u>IK BEN</u> THA [25] FÁM | ||
16a. Canals and Dykes | 16a. Canals and Dykes | ||
*[143/05] BEN IK TO SINA FOLGAR KÉREN | *[143/05] <u>BEN IK</u> TO SINA FOLGAR ''KÉREN'' | ||
16f. Panj-ab Report | 16f. Panj-ab Report | ||
*[167/10] HWÉR IK BERN BEN | *[167/10] HWÉR <u>IK</u> ''BERN'' <u>BEN</u> | ||
===A1b) first person, present, plural=== | ===A1b) first person, present, plural=== | ||
B. Liko Ovira Linda | B. Liko Ovira Linda | ||
*[00b/10] THAT WI HJARA GRÁTESTE FJANDA SEND | *[00b/10] THAT <u>WI</u> HJARA GRÁTESTE FJANDA <u>SEND</u> | ||
1b. Adela’s Advice | 1b. Adela’s Advice | ||
*[004/30] HO GRAT WI JETA SEND | *[004/30] HO GRAT <u>WI</u> JETA <u>SEND</u> | ||
4c. Useful Precedents | 4c. Useful Precedents | ||
*[031/01] THAT WI ANGE SEND | *[031/01] THAT <u>WI</u> ANGE <u>SEND</u> | ||
4e. Eawa | 4e. Eawa | ||
*[033/10] DÁHWILA WI [15] TO DVANDE SEND | *[033/10] DÁHWILA <u>WI</u> [15] ''TO DVANDE'' <u>SEND</u> | ||
4f. Minerva | 4f. Minerva | ||
*[035/15] WI ALLE SEND TO DVANDE | *[035/15] <u>WI</u> ALLE <u>SEND</u> ''TO DVANDE'' | ||
8b. Wodin and the Magus | 8b. Wodin and the Magus | ||
*[054] WI SEND SKELDICH | *[054] <u>WI SEND</u> SKELDICH | ||
13f. Primal Teachings 2 | 13f. Primal Teachings 2 | ||
*[101/30] ALSA SEND WY EN DÉL | *[101/30] ALSA <u>SEND WY</u> EN DÉL | ||
14d. Alexander the King | 14d. Alexander the King | ||
*[121/05] THÉRVMBE SEND WI FVL ÉRBIDENESE ... WY SEND FRY BERN FRYA.S BERN | *[121/05] THÉRVMBE <u>SEND WI</u> FVL ÉRBIDENESE ... <u>WY SEND</u> FRY BERN FRYA.S BERN | ||
16a. Canals and Dykes | 16a. Canals and Dykes | ||
*[144/01] HJUD DÉGUM SEND WI TO DVANDE | *[144/01] HJUD DÉGUM <u>SEND WI</u> ''TO DVANDE'' | ||
16b. Friso: Alliances | 16b. Friso: Alliances | ||
*[149/10] WI ALLE SEND FISKAR AND JUTTAR | *[149/10] <u>WI</u> ALLE <u>SEND</u> FISKAR AND JUTTAR | ||
19a. Askar Prepares for War | 19a. Askar Prepares for War | ||
*[197/20] SEND WI IN ALLE DÉLA OFNED | *[197/20] <u>SEND WI</u> IN ALLE DÉLA OFNED | ||
=== A2a/b) second person, present, singular/plural === | === A2a/b) second person, present, singular/plural === | ||
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*[059/05] <u>THV BIST</u> FÉR.HÉMANDA SWÀRVAR (plur.!) | *[059/05] <u>THV BIST</u> FÉR.HÉMANDA SWÀRVAR (plur.!) | ||
9c. Kelta and the Gools | 9c. Kelta and the Gools | ||
*[067/15] <u>THV BIST</u> FRY.BERN ÀND VMBE LITHA LÉKA | *[067/15] <u>THV BIST</u> FRY.''BERN'' ÀND VMBE LITHA LÉKA | ||
9d. Jon and Minerva Resettle | 9d. Jon and Minerva Resettle | ||
*[071/01] HO <u>BIST</u> WEL AN THINA SLÁVONA KVMEN (plur.?) | *[071/01] HO <u>BIST</u> WEL AN THINA SLÁVONA ''KVMEN'' (plur.?) | ||
11b. Death of Frana | 11b. Death of Frana | ||
*[083/10] FRÁNA VRMITES <u>I</u> KLÁR.SJANDE [15] <u>BISTE</u> | *[083/10] FRÁNA VRMITES <u>I</u> KLÁR.SJANDE [15] <u>BISTE</u> | ||
13g. The Unsociable Man | 13g. The Unsociable Man | ||
*[104/01] <u>BIST</u> EN ÀFTE FRYA.S. | *[104/01] <u>BIST</u> EN ÀFTE FRYA.S. | ||
*[106/01] <u>BIST</u> ÀRG BÁT.SJOCHTIG | *[106/01] <u>BIST</u> ÀRG BÁT.SJOCHTIG | ||
14b. Expulsion of the Black Men | 14b. Expulsion of the Black Men | ||
*[118/10] ALOND <u>JOW</u> WÀLDICH <u>BISTE</u> (plur.?) | *[118/10] ALOND <u>JOW</u> WÀLDICH <u>BISTE</u> (plur.?) | ||
16e. Purity of Language | 16e. Purity of Language | ||
*[161/05] <u>BIST THV</u> ALSA GÍRICH (plur.?) | *[161/05] <u>BIST THV</u> ALSA GÍRICH (plur.?) | ||
18. Rika: Title Theft | |||
* [189/05] ALSA JY MÉNE <u>SEND JY</u> VNSKELDICH AN OFGODJE (plur.) | |||
* [192/20] THÀT <u>JY</u> THÉR WILLENS SKILDECH AN <u>SEND</u> (plur.) | |||
[[Category:Word Studies]] | [[Category:Word Studies]] | ||
[[Category:Grammar]] | [[Category:Grammar]] | ||
Revision as of 08:02, 12 August 2023
WÉSA (VAR.: WÉSANE, WÉSANDE) is the infinitive 'to be' (Dutch/German: zijn/sein).
A) present
1) first person
a) singular
| Fryas | English | Dutch | German | Danish | Norse | Swedish | Icelandic |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IK BEN/BIN | I am | ik ben | ich bin | jeg er | jeg er | jag är | ég er |
b) plural
| Fryas | English | Dutch | German | Danish | Norse | Swedish | Icelandic |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WI/WY SEND | we are | we/wij zijn | wir sind | vi er | vi er | vi är | við erum |
2) second person
a) singular/plural
| Fryas | English | Dutch | German | Danish | Norse | Swedish | Icelandic |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (THV/I/JOW) BIST(E)*
(only plur.: JY SEND) |
you are | sing.: je/U bent
plur.: jullie zijn/U bent |
sing.: du bist/Sie sind
plur.: ihr seid/Sie sind |
du er | du er | du är | Þú ert |
*BISTE when at the end of (sub-) sentence (what is grammatical term?); see fragments [034/15], [083/10] and [118/10].
B) past
C) perfect
fragments
A1a) first person, present, singular
4c. Useful Precedents
- [029/30] IK BIN ALD - ik ben oud - ich bin alt - I am old
4d. About Laws
- [031/10] BIN.IK VRTJÛGAD* - ben ik overtuigd - bin ich überzeugt - am I convinved ('over-tied')
*VR.TJÛGATH from TÉJA (to pull, tie, weave, tow) 4f. Minerva
- [033/30] ALSA BEN.IK É.LIK - alzo ben ik gelijk ('water-lijk') - also bin ich gleich ('wasser-gleich') - then am I equal ('water-like')
- [034/30] BIN IK IN FRYA.S THJANEST - ben ik in Frya's dienst - bin ich in Frya's Dienst - am I in Frya's service
13f. Primal Teachings 2
- [102/15] NI SEDSA IK BEN. MEN WEL IK WAS - niet zeggen ik ben, maar wel ik was - nicht sagen ich bin, aber wohl ich was - not say I am, but well I was
- [102/25] THAHWILA.R SÉID IK BEN - terwijl hij zegt ik ben - daweile er sagt ich bin - while he says I am
- [103/01] IK BEN. IEFTHA WEL. IK BEN THET BESTE DÉL - ik ben, oftewel, ik ben het beste deel - ich bin, oder wohl, ich bin der beste Teil - I am, or well, I am the best deal/part
14a. Fryasland Swamped
- [113/25] BIN IK TO ASGA KÉREN - ben ik tot Asga gekozen - bin ich zu Asga gewählt - ...
14e. Demetrius and Friso
- [130/10] THACH BEN IK ALSA HERDE FRYA.S
15a. Wilyo
- [133/20] IK BEN THA [25] FÁM
16a. Canals and Dykes
- [143/05] BEN IK TO SINA FOLGAR KÉREN
16f. Panj-ab Report
- [167/10] HWÉR IK BERN BEN
A1b) first person, present, plural
B. Liko Ovira Linda
- [00b/10] THAT WI HJARA GRÁTESTE FJANDA SEND
1b. Adela’s Advice
- [004/30] HO GRAT WI JETA SEND
4c. Useful Precedents
- [031/01] THAT WI ANGE SEND
4e. Eawa
- [033/10] DÁHWILA WI [15] TO DVANDE SEND
4f. Minerva
- [035/15] WI ALLE SEND TO DVANDE
8b. Wodin and the Magus
- [054] WI SEND SKELDICH
13f. Primal Teachings 2
- [101/30] ALSA SEND WY EN DÉL
14d. Alexander the King
- [121/05] THÉRVMBE SEND WI FVL ÉRBIDENESE ... WY SEND FRY BERN FRYA.S BERN
16a. Canals and Dykes
- [144/01] HJUD DÉGUM SEND WI TO DVANDE
16b. Friso: Alliances
- [149/10] WI ALLE SEND FISKAR AND JUTTAR
19a. Askar Prepares for War
- [197/20] SEND WI IN ALLE DÉLA OFNED
A2a/b) second person, present, singular/plural
4f. Minerva
- [034/15] AS THV THÀN NÉN THJONSTER NE BISTE
8b. Wodin and the Magus
- [054/20] THV BIST THENE WIGANDLIKSTE KÀNING JRTHA.S
8d. Tunis and the Tyrians
- [059/05] THV BIST FÉR.HÉMANDA SWÀRVAR (plur.!)
9c. Kelta and the Gools
- [067/15] THV BIST FRY.BERN ÀND VMBE LITHA LÉKA
9d. Jon and Minerva Resettle
- [071/01] HO BIST WEL AN THINA SLÁVONA KVMEN (plur.?)
11b. Death of Frana
- [083/10] FRÁNA VRMITES I KLÁR.SJANDE [15] BISTE
13g. The Unsociable Man
- [104/01] BIST EN ÀFTE FRYA.S.
- [106/01] BIST ÀRG BÁT.SJOCHTIG
14b. Expulsion of the Black Men
- [118/10] ALOND JOW WÀLDICH BISTE (plur.?)
16e. Purity of Language
- [161/05] BIST THV ALSA GÍRICH (plur.?)
18. Rika: Title Theft
- [189/05] ALSA JY MÉNE SEND JY VNSKELDICH AN OFGODJE (plur.)
- [192/20] THÀT JY THÉR WILLENS SKILDECH AN SEND (plur.)