First person plural: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 09:29, 10 May 2026

The pronoun of first person plural is WI (184x) or WY (26x).

Conjugation seems to be the same as for third person plural, but this has not been studied yet.

List of verbs that are used more than once (in Oera Linda) in first person plural:

verb (inf.)	transl.	total	present	past
HÀVA, NÀVA	(not) have	48	23	25
WÉSA	be	27	22	5
WILLA, NILLA	(not) will, wish	24	13	8
MÜGA	may	19	14	5
SKILA*	shall	18	10	8
KVMA	come	15	5	10
MOTA	must	8	4	4
AGA	ought	4	4	0
WINNA	win	3	2	1
GÁ	go	3	0	3
WRDA	become	3	0	3
DVA	do	2	1	1
LEDSA	lay, lie	2	1	1
KUNNA	can	2	0	2
SJA	see	2	0	2

(* Infinitive SKILA is a reconstruction, not found anywhere in the texts.)

Chapters with most use of first person plural are:

48x: S3a. Alexander (26x) and S3b. Demetrius and Friso (22x)
15x: L2a. Jon and Minerva
11x: F2. Minerva
10x: Ja. Before Bad Times
10x: R4b.Teachings 2

Conjugation

Present

Irregular: WÉSA — WI SEND (En: we are, Ge: wir sind, Du: wij zijn)
25x -ATH: WILLATH (13, incl. 1 NILLATH) HÀVATH (6 incl. 3 NÀVATH), KVMATH (2), LEDSATH, MÜGATH, RÉKENJATH, WINSTATH (all 1)
21x -ON: HÀVON (7), MÜGON (6), AGON (4), MOTON (4)
18x -E: HÀVE (9 incl. 1 NÀVE), MÜGE (6), KVME, SKILE, STÁNE (all 1)
17x -A: KVMA (2), WINNA (2), VRDVA, FÁTA, FINDA, FÍRJA, HÀVA, HELPA, VPHOLDA, KÀLTA, MÁKJA, MÜGA, REDDA, SNAKKA, THVRA, WINNA (all 1)
9x -UN: only SKILUN

In-verb variety

The most frequent verb (23x) HÀVA has four varieties:

9x HÀVE (incl. 1 negative in U2a.)
7x HÀVON
6x HÀVATH (incl. 3 negative in U3a.)
1x HÀVA (D5.)

MÜGA (14x):

6x MÜGE
6x MÜGON
1x MÜGATH (S5.)
1x MÜGA (H.)

SKILA (10x):

9x SKILUN
1x SKILE (F2., which also has 4x SKILUN)

KVMA (5x):

2x KVMA (U4.)
2x KVMATH (S2.)
1x KVME (F1c.)

There are not enough data yet to distinguish changes in conjugation from older to younger texts.

Past

In chapter 7a the varieties ending with -ON were used consistently (10x), but otherwise no clear pattern was found.

HÀVA (25x):

13x HÉDE (incl. 3 negatives)
12x HÉDON (incl. 2 negatives)

KVMA (10x): KÉMON

SKILA (8x):

5x SKOLDE
3x SKOLDON

WILLA (8x):

5x WILDON (incl. 2 negatives)
3x WILDE (incl. 2 negatives)

MÜGA (5x):

3x MACHTON
2x MACHTE

WÉSA (5x):

4x WÉRON
1x WÉRE

MOTA (4x):

3x MOSTON
1x MOSTE

GÁ (3x):

2x GVNGON
1x GVNGE

WRDA (3x):

2x WRDON
1x WRDE

KUNNA: KVNDON and KVSTE

SJA: SAGON (2x)

other, all once:

BIKÀNDE, BILÉWON, BROCHTON, BVWADON, DÉDON, FORON, HÉRDON, KÉRON, LÉIDE, LÉTON, MÉTON, MISTE, PALDON, SÉIDE, SATON, SKÉPTE, SPODE, TÁLDON, WÁNDE, WONON, WROCHTON

@@ Line 43: / Line 43: @@
 Chapters with most use of first person plural are:
-# 48x: [[En 14d Alexander|14d Alexander]] (26x) and [[En 14e Demetrius and Friso|14e Demetrius and Friso]] (22x)
+# 48x: [[EN120.10 Alexander|S3a. Alexander]] (26x) and [[EN125.05 Demetrius|S3b. Demetrius and Friso]] (22x)
-# 15x: [[En 09d Jon and Minerva|9d Jon and Minerva]]
+# 15x: [[EN068.17 Mediterranean|L2a. Jon and Minerva]]
-# 11x: [[En 04f Minerva|4f Minerva]]
+# 11x: [[EN033.22 Minerva|F2. Minerva]]
-# 10x: [[En 07a Before Bad Times|7a Before Bad Times]]
+# 10x: [[EN047.06 Before|Ja. Before Bad Times]]
-# 10x: [[En 13f Teachings 2|13f Teachings 2]]
+# 10x: [[EN100.01 Teachings2|R4b.Teachings 2]]
 ==Conjugation==
@@ Line 61: / Line 61: @@
 The most frequent verb (23x) <span class="fryas">HÀVA</span> has four varieties:
-* 9x <span class="fryas">HÀVE</span> (incl. 1 negative in ch. 16b)
+* 9x <span class="fryas">HÀVE</span> (incl. 1 negative in U2a.)
 * 7x <span class="fryas">HÀVON</span>
-* 6x <span class="fryas">HÀVATH</span> (incl. 3 negative in ch. 16b-c)
+* 6x <span class="fryas">HÀVATH</span> (incl. 3 negative in U3a.)
-* 1x <span class="fryas">HÀVA</span> (ch. 2g)
+* 1x <span class="fryas">HÀVA</span> (D5.)
 <span class="fryas">MÜGA</span> (14x):
 * 6x <span class="fryas">MÜGE</span>
 * 6x <span class="fryas">MÜGON</span>
-* 1x <span class="fryas">MÜGATH</span> (ch. 14f)
+* 1x <span class="fryas">MÜGATH</span> (S5.)
-* 1x <span class="fryas">MÜGA</span> (ch. 6)
+* 1x <span class="fryas">MÜGA</span> (H.)
 <span class="fryas">SKILA</span> (10x):
 * 9x <span class="fryas">SKILUN</span>
-* 1x <span class="fryas">SKILE</span> (ch. 4f, which also has 4x <span class="fryas">SKILUN</span>)
+* 1x <span class="fryas">SKILE</span> (F2., which also has 4x <span class="fryas">SKILUN</span>)
 <span class="fryas">KVMA</span> (5x):
-* 2x <span class="fryas">KVMA</span> (ch. 16f)
+* 2x <span class="fryas">KVMA</span> (U4.)
-* 2x <span class="fryas">KVMATH</span> (ch. 14c-d)
+* 2x <span class="fryas">KVMATH</span> (S2.)
-* 1x <span class="fryas">KVME</span> (ch. 4c)
+* 1x <span class="fryas">KVME</span> (F1c.)
 There are not enough data yet to distinguish changes in conjugation from older to younger texts.