First person plural: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 15:07, 20 October 2023

The pronoun of first person plural is WI (184x) or WY (26x).

Conjugation seems to be the same as for third person plural, but this has not been studied yet.

List of verbs that are used more than once (in Oera Linda) in first person plural:

verb (inf.)	transl.	total	present	past
HÀVA, NÀVA	(not) have	48	23	25
WÉSA	be	27	22	5
WILLA, NILLA	(not) will, wish	24	13	8
MÜGA	may	19	14	5
SKILA*	shall	18	10	8
KVMA	come	15	5	10
MOTA	must	8	4	4
AGA	ought	4	4	0
WINNA	win	3	2	1
GÁ	go	3	0	3
WRDA	become	3	0	3
DVA	do	2	1	1
LEDSA	lay, lie	2	1	1
KUNNA	can	2	0	2
SJA	see	2	0	2

(* Infinitive SKILA is a reconstruction, not found anywhere in the texts.)

Chapters with most use of first person plural are:

48x: 14d Alexander (26x) and 14e Demetrius and Friso (22x)
15x: 9d Jon and Minerva
11x: 4f Minerva
10x: 7a Before Bad Times
10x: 13f Teachings 2

Conjugation

Present

Irregular: WÉSA — WI SEND (En: we are, Ge: wir sind, Du: wij zijn)
25x -ATH: WILLATH (13, incl. 1 NILLATH) HÀVATH (6 incl. 3 NÀVATH), KVMATH (2), LEDSATH, MÜGATH, RÉKENJATH, WINSTATH (all 1)
21x -ON: HÀVON (7), MÜGON (6), AGON (4), MOTON (4)
18x -E: HÀVE (9 incl. 1 NÀVE), MÜGE (6), KVME, SKILE, STÁNE (all 1)
17x -A: KVMA (2), WINNA (2), VRDVA, FÁTA, FINDA, FÍRJA, HÀVA, HELPA, VPHOLDA, KÀLTA, MÁKJA, MÜGA, REDDA, SNAKKA, THVRA, WINNA (all 1)
9x -UN: only SKILUN

In-verb variety

The most frequent verb (23x) HÀVA has four varieties:

9x HÀVE (incl. 1 negative in ch. 16b)
7x HÀVON
6x HÀVATH (incl. 3 negative in ch. 16b-c)
1x HÀVA (ch. 2g)

MÜGA (14x):

6x MÜGE
6x MÜGON
1x MÜGATH (ch. 14f)
1x MÜGA (ch. 6)

SKILA (10x):

9x SKILUN
1x SKILE (ch. 4f, which also has 4x SKILUN)

KVMA (5x):

2x KVMA (ch. 16f)
2x KVMATH (ch. 14c-d)
1x KVME (ch. 4c)

There are not enough data yet to distinguish changes in conjugation from older to younger texts.

Past

In chapter 7a the varieties ending with -ON were used consistently (10x), but otherwise no clear pattern was found.

HÀVA (25x):

13x HÉDE (incl. 3 negatives)
12x HÉDON (incl. 2 negatives)

KVMA (10x): KÉMON

SKILA (8x):

5x SKOLDE
3x SKOLDON

WILLA (8x):

5x WILDON (incl. 2 negatives)
3x WILDE (incl. 2 negatives)

MÜGA (5x):

3x MACHTON
2x MACHTE

WÉSA (5x):

4x WÉRON
1x WÉRE

MOTA (4x):

3x MOSTON
1x MOSTE

GÁ (3x):

2x GVNGON
1x GVNGE

WRDA (3x):

2x WRDON
1x WRDE

KUNNA: KVNDON and KVSTE

SJA: SAGON (2x)

other, all once:

BIKÀNDE, BILÉWON, BROCHTON, BVWADON, DÉDON, FORON, HÉRDON, KÉRON, LÉIDE, LÉTON, MÉTON, MISTE, PALDON, SÉIDE, SATON, SKÉPTE, SPODE, TÁLDON, WÁNDE, WONON, WROCHTON

@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 | <span class="fryas">WÉSA</span> || be || 27 || 22 || 5
 |-
-| <span class="fryas">WILLA, NILLA</span> || (not) will, wish || 24 || 13 || 11
+| <span class="fryas">WILLA, NILLA</span> || (not) will, wish || 24 || 13 || 8
 |-
 | <span class="fryas">MÜGA</span> || may || 19 || 14 || 5
@@ Line 84: / Line 84: @@
 ===Past===
+In chapter 7a the varieties ending with -<span class="fryas">ON</span> were used consistently (10x), but otherwise no clear pattern was found.
+<span class="fryas">HÀVA</span> (25x):
+* 13x <span class="fryas">HÉDE</span> (incl. 3 negatives)
+* 12x <span class="fryas">HÉDON</span> (incl. 2 negatives)
+<span class="fryas">KVMA</span> (10x): <span class="fryas">KÉMON</span>
+<span class="fryas">SKILA</span> (8x):
+* 5x <span class="fryas">SKOLDE</span>
+* 3x <span class="fryas">SKOLDON</span>
+<span class="fryas">WILLA</span> (8x):
+* 5x <span class="fryas">WILDON</span> (incl. 2 negatives)
+* 3x <span class="fryas">WILDE</span> (incl. 2 negatives)
+<span class="fryas">MÜGA</span> (5x):
+* 3x <span class="fryas">MACHTON</span>
+* 2x <span class="fryas">MACHTE</span>
+<span class="fryas">WÉSA</span> (5x):
+* 4x <span class="fryas">WÉRON</span>
+* 1x <span class="fryas">WÉRE</span>
+<span class="fryas">MOTA</span> (4x):
+* 3x <span class="fryas">MOSTON</span>
+* 1x <span class="fryas">MOSTE</span>
+<span class="fryas">GÁ</span> (3x):
+* 2x <span class="fryas">GVNGON</span>
+* 1x <span class="fryas">GVNGE</span>
+<span class="fryas">WRDA</span> (3x):
+* 2x <span class="fryas">WRDON</span>
+* 1x <span class="fryas">WRDE</span>
+<span class="fryas">KUNNA: KVNDON</span> and <span class="fryas">KVSTE</span>
+<span class="fryas">SJA: SAGON</span> (2x)
+<u>other, all once:</u>
+<span class="fryas">BIKÀNDE, BILÉWON, BROCHTON, BVWADON, DÉDON, FORON, HÉRDON, KÉRON, LÉIDE, LÉTON, MÉTON, MISTE, PALDON, SÉIDE, SATON, SKÉPTE, SPODE, TÁLDON, WÁNDE, WONON, WROCHTON</span>
 [[Category:Grammar]]