ÁDAM(A) - Revision history

Jan: /* Original Fryas text */

2025-01-06T13:22:38Z

Original Fryas text

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:22, 6 January 2025
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	===Original Fryas text===		===Original Fryas text===
	[[File:MS006-26.jpg\|~~200px~~]]		[[File:MS006-26.jpg\|600px]]

	There is no significant difference between the transcriptions (underlinings added):		There is no significant difference between the transcriptions (underlinings added):

Jan: test

2025-01-06T10:32:31Z

test

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:32, 6 January 2025
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	===Original Fryas text===		===Original Fryas text===
	~~(file with MS fragment to be added)~~		[[File:MS006-26.jpg\|200px]]

	There is no significant difference between the transcriptions (underlinings added):		There is no significant difference between the transcriptions (underlinings added):

Jan: /* HJAM is plural */

2025-01-04T18:22:35Z

HJAM is plural

@@ Line 91: / Line 91: @@
 Note: Both used unmistakable plurals.
-===HJAM is plural===
+===<span class="fryas">HJAM</span>/hjam is plural ''them''===
-(sample fragments to be added)
+This sample of sentences with <span class="fryas">HJAM</span> in the first 20 manuscript pages (except discussed fragment) demonstrates that it is consistently used for plurals:
 [[Category:Word Studies]]

Jan: /* English */

2025-01-04T17:58:27Z

English

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:58, 4 January 2025
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	\| in order that men might be bound to him. \|\| to the (end) that mankind should be bound to him. \|\| so that mankind should be bound to him.		\| in order that men might be bound to him. \|\| to the (end) that mankind should be bound to him. \|\| so that mankind should be bound to him.
	\|}		\|}
	(*According to ~~the~~ title page, this was an “English version of Dr Ottema’s Dutch translation”. Raubenheimer’s 2010 version did not significantly differ from ~~Sandbach’s~~.)		(*According to its title page, this was an “English version of Dr Ottema’s Dutch translation”. Raubenheimer’s 2010 adaptation of the Sandbach version did not significantly differ from it.)

	Note: Sandbach changed Ottema’s ''deze ... kwamen'' (plural ''these ... came'') into ''the last ... came'' (apparant singular).		Note: Sandbach changed Ottema’s ''deze ... kwamen'' (plural ''these ... came'') into ''the last ... came'' (apparant singular).

Jan: /* Dutch */

2025-01-04T17:55:53Z

Dutch

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:55, 4 January 2025
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	Notes:		Notes:
	*''Kwamen'' is plural (they) ''came''.		*''Kwamen'' is plural (they) ''came''.
	*On modern Dutch, the feminine pronoun ''haar'' is used for singular (2nd to 4th person), but in archaic use, it can also be plural ([https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/haar Wiktionary]). In late 19th century Dutch, this use will have been common, but Sandbach may not have been aware.		*In modern Dutch, the feminine pronoun ''haar'' is used for singular (2nd to 4th person), but in archaic use, it can also be plural ([https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/haar Wiktionary]). In late 19th century Dutch, this use will have been common, but Sandbach may not have been aware.

	====English====		====English====

Jan: /* Fragments */

2025-01-04T17:52:46Z

Fragments

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:52, 4 January 2025
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	==Fragments==		==Fragments==
	1. [[005-006\|MS p. 6]] — [[EN006.12 Creation\|Our Primal History]]		1. [[005-006\|MS p. 6]] — [[EN006.12 Creation\|Our Primal History]] (discussed below)

	<span class="fryas">THÁ HJA BLÁT KÉMON SPISDE WRALDA HJAM MITH SINA <u>ÁDAMA</u></span>		<span class="fryas">THÁ HJA BLÁT KÉMON SPISDE WRALDA HJAM MITH SINA <u>ÁDAMA</u></span>

Jan: more

2025-01-04T14:39:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:39, 4 January 2025
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	==Discussion of fragment 1. (Wralda’s breath)==		==Discussion of fragment 1. (Wralda’s breath)==
	Sandbach's erroneous interpretation of fragment 1 (as translated by Ottema) has led to a persistent misunderstanding among some readers. This misunderstanding will be cleared once and for all below.		Sandbach's erroneous interpretation of fragment 1 (as translated by Ottema) has led to a persistent misunderstanding among some readers. This misunderstanding will be cleared once and for all below.

			If Sandbach’s change of the text (he replaced ''these/they'' by ''the last'', referring to Frya alone) was correct, this would imply that only Frya’s descendants (''tha mænneska/ men'') were considered human. Also, the original would have been specific: <span class="fryas">SPISDE WR-ALDA <u>FRYA</u> MITH SINA ÁDAMA</span> (''Wralda fed <u>Frya</u> with his breath''). Wralda’s breath or spirit is used for what we call ''life force''. It would not make sense if Frya’s sisters had not recieved it.

	===Original Fryas text===		===Original Fryas text===
	(file with MS fragment to be added)		(file with MS fragment to be added)

	~~====== Transliteration Ott~~ (~~raw~~) ======		There is no significant difference between the transcriptions (underlinings added):
	~~(underlinings added)~~		{\| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto"
			! Transcription Ottema, used by Sandbach !! Raw transcription Ott
			\|-
			\| Thâ hja blât <u>kêmon</u> \|\| <span class="fryas">THÁ HJA BLÁT <u>KÉMON</u>
			\|-
			\| spisde Wr.alda <u>hjam</u> mith sina âdama; \|\| <span class="fryas">SPISDE WR-ALDA <u>HJAM</u> MITH SINA ÁDAMA.
			\|-
			\| til thju tha mænneska an him skolde bvnden wêsa. \|\| <span class="fryas">TILTHIU THA MÀNNESKA AN HIM SKOLDE BVNDEN WÉSA.
			\|}

	~~<div~~ class="~~fryas~~">~~THÁ~~ <u>~~HJA~~</u> ~~BLÁT~~ <u>~~KÉMON~~</u>		===Translations===
			====Dutch====
	~~SPISDE WR-ALDA~~ <u>~~HJAM~~</u> ~~MITH SINA ÁDAMA~~.		{\| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto"
			! Ottema 1872/1876* !! Jensma 2004 !! Ott (concept)
			\|-
			\| Toen deze te voorschijn <u>kwamen</u>, \|\| Toen zij bloot <u>kwamen</u>, \|\| Toen ze tevoorschijn <u>kwamen</u>
			\|-
			\| spijsde Wralda <u>haar</u> met zijnen adem, \|\| spijsde Wralda <u>hen</u> met zijn adem, \|\| voedde Wralda <u>hen</u> met zijn adem,
			\|-
			\| opdat de menschen aan hem zouden gebonden wezen. \|\| opdat de mensen aan hem gebonden zouden zijn. \|\| om de mensheid aan hem te binden.
			\|}
			(*Translations Overwijn 1941 and 1951 did not significantly differ from Ottema’s. He also used archaic ''haar'' for plural feminine.)

	~~TILTHIU <u>THA MÀNNESKA<~~/~~u> AN HIM <u>SKOLDE<~~/~~u> BVNDEN WÉSA~~.</~~div>~~		Notes:
			*''Kwamen'' is plural (they) ''came''.
			*On modern Dutch, the feminine pronoun ''haar'' is used for singular (2nd to 4th person), but in archaic use, it can also be plural ([https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/haar Wiktionary]). In late 19th century Dutch, this use will have been common, but Sandbach may not have been aware.

	====== ~~Transcription Ottema (as used by Sandbach)~~ ======		====English====
	~~Thâ~~ <u>~~hja~~</u> ~~blât~~ <u>~~kêmon~~</u>		{\| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto"
			! Sandbach 1876* !! Pierce 1973 !! Ott 2025
			\|-
			\| When <span style="color:#ff0000">the last</span> came into existence, \|\| When <u>they</u> came naked, \|\| Upon <u>their</u> birth,
			\|-
			\| Wr-alda breathed his spirit upon <span style="color:#ff0000">her</span> \|\| Wralda fed <u>them</u> with his breath, \|\| Wralda fed <u>each of them</u> with his breath
			\|-
			\| in order that men might be bound to him. \|\| to the (end) that mankind should be bound to him. \|\| so that mankind should be bound to him.
			\|}
			(*According to the title page, this was an “English version of Dr Ottema’s Dutch translation”. Raubenheimer’s 2010 version did not significantly differ from Sandbach’s.)

	~~spisde Wr~~.~~alda <u>hjam</u> mith sina âdama;~~		Note: Sandbach changed Ottema’s ''deze ... kwamen'' (plural ''these ... came'') into ''the last ... came'' (apparant singular).

	~~til thju~~ <u>~~tha mænneska~~</u> ~~an him~~ <u>~~skolde~~</u> ~~bvnden wêsa~~.		====German====
			{\| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto"
			! Wirth 1933 !! Menkens 2013
			\|-
			\| Da sie bloß <u>kamen</u>, \|\| Da sie nackt/bloß <u>kamen</u>,
			\|-
			\| speiste Wralda <u>sie</u> mit seinem Odem. \|\| speiste Vvralda <u>sie</u> mit seinem Atem,
			\|-
			\| (part omitted) \|\| auf daß die Menschen an ihn gebunden sein würden.
			\|}
			Note: Both used unmistakable plurals.

	===~~Translations~~===		===HJAM is plural===
	(to be added)		(sample fragments to be added)

	[[Category:Word Studies]]		[[Category:Word Studies]]

Jan: save but not ready

2025-01-04T11:39:24Z

save but not ready

New page

ÁDAMA is used twice for ''breath'' and once (spelled ÁDAM) for ''scent''. In the context of ''Wrlada’s breath'' it can be understood as ''life force''.

==Fragments==
1. [[005-006|MS p. 6]] — [[EN006.12 Creation|Our Primal History]]

THÁ HJA BLÁT KÉMON SPISDE WRALDA HJAM MITH SINA ÁDAMA

''Upon their birth, Wralda fed each of them with his breath''

(More literally: ''When they came bare/naked, Wralda fed them with his breath'')

2. [[015-016|MS p. 15]] — [[EN015.01 Burg|Burg Laws]]

ÉR HJU MITH HIRA TOCHTIGE ÁDAMA THÀT LJUCHT BIWLATH

''before she pollutes the light with her unchaste breath''

3. [[093-094|MS p. 94]] — [[EN093.18 Arrow|Death of Adela]]

[THA] GÜRBÁM (...) OVER-FULDE LUFT MITH SINA LIAFLIKA ÁDAM

''blossoming branches that filled the air with their sweet fragrance''

(More literally: ''[the] scented tree (...) filled air with its lovely breath'')

==Same word in other languages==
*adem – Dutch
*Atem – German
*ātmá – Sanskrit

==Discussion of fragment 1. (Wralda’s breath)==
Sandbach's erroneous interpretation of fragment 1 (as translated by Ottema) has led to a persistent misunderstanding among some readers. This misunderstanding will be cleared once and for all below.

===Original Fryas text===
(file with MS fragment to be added)

====== Transliteration Ott (raw) ======
(underlinings added)

<div class="fryas">THÁ HJA BLÁT KÉMON

SPISDE WR-ALDA HJAM MITH SINA ÁDAMA.

TILTHIU THA MÀNNESKA AN HIM SKOLDE BVNDEN WÉSA.</div>

====== Transcription Ottema (as used by Sandbach) ======
Thâ hja blât kêmon

spisde Wr.alda hjam mith sina âdama;

til thju tha mænneska an him skolde bvnden wêsa.

===Translations===
(to be added)

[[Category:Word Studies]]